Professional Ethics Batch 3 MCQs

1. Question 1 of 50

   Which rule requires an advocate to disclose his identity before appearing before a public officer or body representing affected interests?

   A Rule 147 B Rule 149 C Rule 138 D Rule 173
2. Question 2 of 50

   Which rule states the client cannot be the keeper of the advocate's conscience and has no right to demand abusive conduct?

   A Rule 158 B Rule 156 C Rule 169 D Rule 172
3. Question 3 of 50

   Under Rule 172, may an advocate render service or advice involving disloyalty to the law or corruption of a public officer, regardless of how powerful the client or important the cause?

   A Yes, with the Bar Council's prior clearance B No C Yes, in matters of significant public interest D Yes, if the client is a government entity
4. Question 4 of 50

   Under Rule 169, can the client be made the keeper of the advocate's conscience in professional matters, such as the conduct of a trial?

   A Yes, entirely B Yes, but only in criminal matters C Yes, but only regarding settlement decisions D No
5. Question 5 of 50

   What chapter of the Pakistan Legal Practitioners and Bar Councils Rules, 1976 immediately follows Chapter XII, dealing with Bar Associations?

   A Chapter XIII B Chapter XI C Chapter XII-A D Chapter XII-B
6. Question 6 of 50

   Which rule addresses the duty to appear in Court when a matter is called, or to make satisfactory alternative arrangements?

   A Rule 159 B Rule 169 C Rule 170 D Rule 166
7. Question 7 of 50

   An advocate cites a precedent in court while privately knowing it was later overruled, without telling the judge. Which rule does this breach?

   A Rule 161, which prohibits citing as authority a decision known to be invalid without disclosing that fact B No rule; case-law currency is solely the judge's responsibility to verify C Rule 159 alone D Rule 167
8. Question 8 of 50

   An advocate wins publicity by giving an anonymous statement to a newspaper about a case he is currently trying. Which rule does this violate?

   A No rule; publicity is unrestricted once a case becomes newsworthy B Rule 161 alone C Rule 138 alone D Rule 164, which condemns such publications and specifically calls anonymous statements unprofessional
9. Question 9 of 50

   Under Rule 173, what must an advocate disclose before communicating with or appearing before a public officer, board, committee, or body in his professional capacity?

   A His university of graduation B That he is an advocate representing interests that may be affected by that body's action C The fee he is charging his client D His personal political affiliation
10. Question 10 of 50

    Under Rule 174-A, besides 'Retired Justice' and 'Ex Judge', what other former designations are specifically listed as impermissible for use by a practising advocate?

    A 'Doctor' and 'Professor' B 'Retired General', 'Ex Attorney-General', and 'Ex Advocate-General' C 'Senior Partner' and 'Managing Partner' D 'Barrister' and 'Solicitor'
11. Question 11 of 50

    Under Rule 171, is an advocate obliged to act as adviser or advocate for every person who wishes to become his client?

    A Yes, unless the Bar Council grants an exemption B No, he has the right to decline professional employment C Yes, without exception D Yes, in criminal matters only
12. Question 12 of 50

    Under Rule 174-A, may an advocate use a former designation such as 'Retired Justice' or 'Ex-Judge' during the period of his practice as an advocate?

    A Yes, with the Bar Council's written permission B Yes, on letterheads only C Yes, on visiting cards only D No, in any manner whatsoever, whether as prefix or suffix
13. Question 13 of 50

    Which rule addresses an advocate's duty not to render service involving disloyalty to the law or corruption of a public officer?

    A Rule 174 B Rule 163 C Rule 152 D Rule 172
14. Question 14 of 50

    Which rule prohibits use of former designations such as 'Ex-Judge' by a practising advocate?

    A Rule 174-A B Rule 174-B C Rule 174 D Rule 175
15. Question 15 of 50

    Under Rule 174-B, what is the maximum permitted size for an advocate's name board displayed outside his office?

    A 5 feet by 5 feet B 1½ feet by 2 feet C 3 feet by 4 feet D There is no size restriction
16. Question 16 of 50

    Under Rule 175(2), what happens if an advocate violates the prohibition on joining another profession, business, service, or vocation?

    A It entails consequences as provided in Rule 108-O B A fine payable directly to the opposing party C No consequence unless a client complains D Automatic and immediate disbarment with no process
17. Question 17 of 50

    What is the overarching structure of Chapter XII of the Bar Councils Rules, 1976, in terms of its four sections?

    A Sections are organized alphabetically by rule topic, not by relationship B Section A (fees), Section B (litigation), Section C (appeals), Section D (elections) C There are only two sections, not four D Section A (other advocates), Section B (clients), Section C (duty to the Court), Section D (the public generally)
18. Question 18 of 50

    Under Rule 170, once an advocate has accepted a retainer, what does it become his duty to do?

    A Guarantee a favourable outcome to the client B Withdraw if the case becomes difficult C Settle the matter regardless of merits to save costs D Insist upon the judgment of the Court as to the legal merits of his client's claim
19. Question 19 of 50

    A Bar Association formally refuses to comply with an instruction issued by the Pakistan Bar Council. What is this categorized as under Rule 175-B?

    A A matter outside the Bar Council Rules entirely B Gross professional misconduct C Automatic dissolution of the Bar Association D A minor administrative matter with no formal consequence
20. Question 20 of 50

    An advocate wants to negotiate a settlement directly with the opposing party, who is represented by counsel, without informing that counsel. Under the Bar Council Rules, is this permissible?

    A Yes, provided the communication is brief B Yes, settlement negotiations are always exempt from this restriction C No — Rule 137 prohibits communicating about a matter in controversy with a represented party without that party's advocate's consent D Yes, as long as it is done in writing
21. Question 21 of 50

    Which rule affirms an advocate's right to decline professional employment and decide what business to accept?

    A Rule 148 B Rule 170 C Rule 175 D Rule 171
22. Question 22 of 50

    An advocate wishes to write a letter to the presiding judge explaining the merits of his pending case, without copying opposing counsel. Is this permitted?

    A Yes, so long as the judge does not respond in writing B Yes, if the matter is urgent C Yes, provided the letter is factually accurate D No — Rule 138 requires that any written communication to a judge on the merits of a pending contested matter be copied to the opposing advocate
23. Question 23 of 50

    An advocate is unable to attend a scheduled hearing due to a conflicting engagement, but neither appears nor arranges a substitute. Which rule does this violate?

    A Rule 159 alone B No rule; missing a hearing carries no professional consequence C Rule 170 alone D Rule 166, which requires appearance when a matter is called, or satisfactory alternative arrangements if attendance is not possible
24. Question 24 of 50

    Under Rule 175-A, what is the consequence of non-observance or violation of the canons of professional conduct and etiquette set out in Chapter XII?

    A It may be deemed professional misconduct, making the advocate liable for disciplinary action B Immediate and automatic disbarment with no hearing C A verbal warning only, with no formal consequence D No consequence unless a criminal complaint is filed
25. Question 25 of 50

    Under Rule 175-B, what is the consequence of non-observance or defiance of the decisions or instructions of the Pakistan Bar Council by any Bar Council, Bar Association, or member of the Bar?

    A Automatic suspension of the entire Bar Association B A minor administrative infraction only C No consequence, as such instructions are advisory only D It may be considered gross professional misconduct
26. Question 26 of 50

    Which rule bars an advocate from accepting employment on a matter he previously handled in a judicial capacity?

    A Rule 148 B Rule 174 C Rule 146 D Rule 172
27. Question 27 of 50

    Which rule prohibits an advocate from being an active partner or salaried official of a Government or private body while practising?

    A Rule 148 B Rule 172 C Rule 152 D Rule 175
28. Question 28 of 50

    Which section of Chapter XII (Rules 134-144) addresses conduct with regard to other advocates?

    A Section C B Section B C Section A D Section D
29. Question 29 of 50

    Under Rule 170, when must an advocate decline to conduct a civil cause or defence?

    A Whenever the case is likely to be lost B When convinced it is intended merely to harass or injure the opposite party, or to work oppression or wrong C Whenever the opposing party is more senior at the Bar D Whenever the client cannot afford the full fee upfront
30. Question 30 of 50

    What is the title of Chapter XII of the Pakistan Legal Practitioners and Bar Councils Rules, 1976?

    A Constitution of Bar Councils B Qualifications for Enrolment as an Advocate C Canons of Professional Conduct and Etiquette of Advocates D Election Procedures for Bar Councils
31. Question 31 of 50

    Under Rule 175(1), may an advocate be an active partner or salaried official of a Government, semi-Government, or autonomous body while practising?

    A No B Yes, if the role is unpaid C Yes, provided it is disclosed to the Bar Council D Yes, in an advisory capacity only
32. Question 32 of 50

    Distinguish Rule 174 from Rule 174-A: what is the key difference in what each addresses?

    A Rule 174 is about fees, Rule 174-A is about court attire B They are identical restatements of the same prohibition C Rule 174 applies only to judges, Rule 174-A only to civil servants D Rule 174 bars accepting employment on matters previously handled in a judicial or public capacity, while Rule 174-A bars using former designations like 'Ex-Judge' in practice
33. Question 33 of 50

    Rules 145-158 and Rules 159-167 both regulate an advocate's conduct, but toward different parties. Who is the focus of each, respectively?

    A Both sets focus exclusively on the public generally B Rules 145-158 focus on opposing counsel; Rules 159-167 focus on the client C Both sets focus exclusively on the client D Rules 145-158 focus on the client; Rules 159-167 focus on the Court
34. Question 34 of 50

    Under Rule 172, until a statute has been finally construed by competent adjudication, is an advocate entitled to advise as to what he conscientiously believes to be its just meaning?

    A No, he must always presume the statute valid as drafted B No, only a judge may offer such an opinion C No, unless the Bar Council pre-approves the advice D Yes
35. Question 35 of 50

    Which rule generally restrains an advocate from volunteering legal opinions in cases in which he is not engaged?

    A Rule 173 B Rule 151 C Rule 158 D Rule 167
36. Question 36 of 50

    Public prosecutor A deliberately withholds a witness statement that would tend to establish the accused's innocence, in order to secure a conviction. Which rule does this violate?

    A Rule 160 alone B Rule 163, which states the prosecutor's primary duty is to see that justice is done, not merely to convict, and condemns suppression of exculpatory evidence C Rule 145 D No rule; prosecutorial discretion is unrestricted
37. Question 37 of 50

    Which section of Chapter XII (Rules 168-175B) addresses conduct with regard to the public generally?

    A Section D B Section C C Section B D Section A
38. Question 38 of 50

    An advocate wishes to display a name board outside his office measuring 4 feet by 4 feet. Does this comply with Rule 174-B?

    A Yes, if the Bar Council is notified in advance B Yes, there is no upper limit C Yes, provided it is tastefully designed D No — Rule 174-B caps the size at 1½ feet by 2 feet
39. Question 39 of 50

    Under Rule 169, does a client have the right to demand that his advocate abuse the opposite party or indulge in offensive argument?

    A Yes, if the client believes it will help the case B Yes, provided the advocate agrees C No D Yes, in adversarial proceedings generally
40. Question 40 of 50

    An advocate is nominated for a judgeship largely because of his political connections rather than professional merit, and accepts eagerly for the prestige. Which rule's spirit does this arguably conflict with?

    A No rule addresses judicial aspirations B Rule 165, which states aspiration for judicial office should be governed by an impartial estimate of one's ability to honour the office, not a desire for personal distinction C Rule 142 alone D Rule 174 alone
41. Question 41 of 50

    Under Rule 167, when should an advocate volunteer his legal opinion or address arguments in a case in which he is not engaged?

    A Generally he should refrain, unless called upon to do so in open Court by a judge or judicial officer B Freely, at any time he believes it would assist the court C Only if a fee is paid for the opinion D Only if the case involves a matter of great public importance
42. Question 42 of 50

    Which section of Chapter XII (Rules 159-167) addresses duty to the Court?

    A Section A B Section C C Section D D Section B
43. Question 43 of 50

    Which rule fixes the maximum size of an advocate's office name board?

    A Rule 174-B B Rule 174-A C Rule 174 D Rule 173
44. Question 44 of 50

    Under Rule 174, may an advocate accept employment in a matter upon the merits of which he previously acted in a judicial capacity?

    A No B Yes, provided he discloses the prior role C Yes, after a waiting period of one year D Yes, with the parties' consent
45. Question 45 of 50

    Which rule makes non-observance of Chapter XII's canons a form of professional misconduct?

    A Rule 175 B Rule 175-A C Rule 175-B D Rule 163
46. Question 46 of 50

    Which rule requires an advocate to decline a civil cause intended merely to harass or injure the opposite party?

    A Rule 148 B Rule 174 C Rule 170 D Rule 152
47. Question 47 of 50

    An advocate who previously served as a judge is later asked to represent a party in a case whose merits he had personally adjudicated while on the bench. May he accept?

    A Yes, provided he charges no fee B Yes, after a short waiting period C Yes, provided both parties consent D No — Rule 174 bars an advocate from accepting employment in a matter he previously acted upon in a judicial capacity
48. Question 48 of 50

    Which section of Chapter XII (Rules 145-158) addresses conduct with regard to clients?

    A Section A B Section C C Section D D Section B
49. Question 49 of 50

    In what year were the Pakistan Legal Practitioners and Bar Councils Rules, under which Chapter XII falls, formulated?

    A 1973 B 1962 C 1947 D 1976
50. Question 50 of 50

    Under Rule 174, after retiring from public office, may an advocate accept employment connected to a matter he investigated or dealt with while in that office?

    A No, nor employment except in support of his earlier position B Yes, provided the matter is now closed C Yes, after a two-year cooling-off period D Yes, freely after retirement

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