Constitutional History Competitive Exams
100 questions · Pakistan Studies
-
Question 1 of 100
Following Liaquat Ali Khan's assassination, the Final Report of the Basic Principles Committee was presented in 1952 by Prime Minister:
ExplanationThe Basic Principles Committee's Final Report was presented in 1952 by Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin, who succeeded the assassinated Liaquat Ali Khan.
-
Question 2 of 100
Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated on 16 October 1951 in the city of:
ExplanationLiaquat Ali Khan was assassinated at a public meeting in Rawalpindi's Company Bagh, later renamed Liaquat Bagh in his memory.
-
Question 3 of 100
Under the Twenty-Sixth Amendment (2024), the Chief Justice of Pakistan is appointed by a Special Parliamentary Committee choosing from among:
ExplanationThe Twenty-Sixth Amendment departed from the earlier strict seniority-based convention, providing instead that a Special Parliamentary Committee select the Chief Justice of Pakistan from among the three most senior Supreme Court judges.
-
Question 4 of 100
The Seventeenth Amendment (2003) served primarily to:
ExplanationThe Seventeenth Amendment of 2003 formally incorporated the changes made through Musharraf's 2002 Legal Framework Order into the constitutional text, giving them a more secure legal footing.
-
Question 5 of 100
Following the events of 1971, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto took over as President and (Pakistan's first civilian) Chief Martial Law Administrator from:
ExplanationZulfikar Ali Bhutto took over from General Yahya Khan in December 1971, becoming President and, notably, Pakistan's first civilian Chief Martial Law Administrator.
-
Question 6 of 100
A second Constituent Assembly was convened in 1955 to draft a new constitution, following a formula that reconstituted the assembly's composition after the:
ExplanationThe Second Constituent Assembly was convened in 1955 under a revised representational formula, following the controversial dissolution of the first Constituent Assembly the previous year.
-
Question 7 of 100
The Thirteenth Amendment (1997), passed during Nawaz Sharif's second term as Prime Minister, is most notable for:
ExplanationThe Thirteenth Amendment of 1997 repealed the controversial Article 58(2)(b), stripping the President of the discretionary power to dissolve the National Assembly that had been used to topple four governments since 1988.
-
Question 8 of 100
The Eighteenth Amendment (2010) created a new body, the Judicial Commission of Pakistan, primarily to handle:
ExplanationThe Judicial Commission of Pakistan, created by the Eighteenth Amendment, was tasked with recommending appointments of judges to the superior judiciary, headed by the Chief Justice of Pakistan.
-
Question 9 of 100
Under the 1973 Constitution, the minimum age qualification to be a member of the National Assembly is:
ExplanationThe 1973 Constitution sets the minimum age for National Assembly membership at twenty-five years, while the minimum age for Senate membership is thirty years.
-
Question 10 of 100
Counting the 1956, 1962, and 1973 documents, how many separate constitutions has Pakistan had since independence in 1947?
ExplanationPakistan has had three constitutions since independence: the 1956 Constitution, the 1962 Constitution, and the 1973 Constitution -- the last of which, as amended, remains in force today.
-
Question 11 of 100
The 1970 general elections were historically significant as Pakistan's first elections at the national level to be held on the basis of:
ExplanationThe 1970 general elections marked the first time Pakistan's national legislature was elected directly through universal adult franchise, rather than through an indirect electoral college like the Basic Democrats.
-
Question 12 of 100
The Objectives Resolution was adopted by which body?
ExplanationThe Objectives Resolution was adopted by the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, which also served as the country's initial legislature.
-
Question 13 of 100
The Seventeenth Amendment (2003) also permitted President Musharraf to simultaneously hold the offices of President and:
ExplanationA significant feature of the Seventeenth Amendment was that it allowed Musharraf to hold the offices of President and Chief of Army Staff simultaneously, a dual role that proved highly controversial.
-
Question 14 of 100
General Zia-ul-Haq died in a plane crash near Bahawalpur on:
ExplanationGeneral Zia-ul-Haq died in a mysterious plane crash near Bahawalpur on 17 August 1988, ending his eleven-year rule.
-
Question 15 of 100
Ayub Khan's system of local government and indirect electoral college, introduced in 1959, was known as:
ExplanationAyub Khan introduced the Basic Democracies system in 1959, combining local government functions with an indirect electoral college for choosing the President and legislature.
-
Question 16 of 100
In the Tamizuddin Khan case, the Chief Justice of the Federal Court who upheld the Governor-General's dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, giving rise to the controversial 'doctrine of necessity', was:
ExplanationChief Justice Muhammad Munir's Federal Court ruling upheld the Governor-General's action, articulating what became known as the 'doctrine of necessity' -- later invoked repeatedly to justify extra-constitutional actions in Pakistan.
-
Question 17 of 100
The 1973 Constitution established which form of government for Pakistan?
ExplanationThe 1973 Constitution restored a federal parliamentary system of government, in contrast to the presidential system of the 1962 Constitution.
-
Question 18 of 100
The Twenty-Sixth Amendment, passed on 21 October 2024, is primarily concerned with reforms to:
ExplanationThe Twenty-Sixth Amendment (2024) restructured aspects of the higher judiciary, creating Constitutional Benches within the Supreme Court and High Courts and altering the procedure for appointing the Chief Justice of Pakistan.
-
Question 19 of 100
The 'One Unit' Scheme of 1955 merged which provinces and princely states into a single administrative unit?
ExplanationThe One Unit Scheme merged the diverse provinces and princely states of West Pakistan -- Punjab, Sindh, the North-West Frontier Province, and the Balochistan states union -- into a single administrative unit.
-
Question 20 of 100
The Eighteenth Amendment, widely regarded as the most comprehensive amendment to the 1973 Constitution, was passed in:
ExplanationThe Eighteenth Amendment, passed in April 2010, is generally considered the most far-reaching and comprehensive amendment to the 1973 Constitution since its original enactment.
-
Question 21 of 100
The Twenty-First Amendment (2015), enabling Military Courts to try civilians for terrorism-related offences, was enacted primarily in response to:
ExplanationThe Twenty-First Amendment was passed in the aftermath of the devastating December 2014 Army Public School attack in Peshawar, as part of the National Action Plan against terrorism.
-
Question 22 of 100
The Twelfth Amendment (1991) is generally associated with the establishment of:
ExplanationThe Twelfth Amendment of 1991 provided for the establishment of Special Courts for the speedy trial of certain heinous crimes, though its provisions were subject to a sunset clause.
-
Question 23 of 100
The Third Amendment (1975) is chiefly associated with:
ExplanationThe Third Amendment of 1975 extended the permissible period for preventive detention under the Constitution, reflecting the government's tightening security-related powers during that period.
-
Question 24 of 100
The 1962 Constitution, as originally promulgated, initially dropped the word 'Islamic' from the country's official name, simply calling it the 'Republic of Pakistan', before this was reversed by the:
ExplanationThe 1962 Constitution originally referred only to the 'Republic of Pakistan'; the designation 'Islamic Republic of Pakistan' was restored through the First Amendment in 1963.
-
Question 25 of 100
Who became Pakistan's first President under the 1973 Constitution?
ExplanationFazal Ilahi Chaudhry became the first President under the 1973 Constitution, serving in the largely ceremonial role while Bhutto held executive power as Prime Minister.
-
Question 26 of 100
Yahya Khan's Legal Framework Order (LFO) of 1970 also abolished which earlier administrative arrangement?
ExplanationThe 1970 LFO abolished the One Unit Scheme, restoring West Pakistan's four constituent provinces (Punjab, Sindh, NWFP, and Balochistan) ahead of the 1970 general elections.
-
Question 27 of 100
The Interim Report of the Basic Principles Committee was presented to the Constituent Assembly in 1950 by:
ExplanationPrime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan presented the BPC's Interim Report in 1950, outlining early proposals for the constitutional framework.
-
Question 28 of 100
Amid mass political unrest, Ayub Khan resigned from the presidency in 1969, handing power directly to:
ExplanationIn an extra-constitutional move, Ayub Khan handed over power in 1969 directly to General Yahya Khan, the Army Chief, rather than to the Speaker of the National Assembly as the 1962 Constitution technically required.
-
Question 29 of 100
The 1966 Tashkent Declaration, ending the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War, was signed by President Ayub Khan with the mediation of:
ExplanationThe Tashkent Declaration of 1966, ending the 1965 war with India, was signed under the mediation of the Soviet Union, in the city of Tashkent.
-
Question 30 of 100
Besides Article 58(2)(b), the Eighth Amendment (1985) also inserted Article 2A, which made the Objectives Resolution:
ExplanationArticle 2A, inserted by the Eighth Amendment, elevated the Objectives Resolution from mere Preamble status to a substantive, legally operative part of the Constitution.
-
Question 31 of 100
General Zia-ul-Haq's coup against Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's government, code-named 'Operation Fair Play', took place on:
ExplanationGeneral Zia-ul-Haq deposed the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in a coup known as 'Operation Fair Play' on 5 July 1977, imposing Pakistan's third Martial Law.
-
Question 32 of 100
The 1956 Constitution formally declared Pakistan to be an:
ExplanationThe 1956 Constitution was the first to formally declare Pakistan an Islamic Republic, a designation retained in subsequent constitutions.
-
Question 33 of 100
The 1973 Constitution remains significant today primarily because it is:
ExplanationDespite being suspended or held in abeyance during periods of martial law, the 1973 Constitution, as amended over the decades, remains Pakistan's operative constitutional document today.
-
Question 34 of 100
As originally enacted in 1973, the Objectives Resolution's principles formed only the Preamble of the Constitution and were NOT yet:
ExplanationWhen the 1973 Constitution was first enacted, the Objectives Resolution's principles formed only its Preamble; it took the 1985 Eighth Amendment (inserting Article 2A) to make these principles a substantive, operative part of the Constitution.
-
Question 35 of 100
The Nineteenth Amendment (2010), passed shortly after the Eighteenth, was primarily intended to:
ExplanationThe Nineteenth Amendment of 2010 refined the composition and procedures of the newly created Judicial Commission and Parliamentary Committee, responding to concerns the Supreme Court had raised about the original Eighteenth Amendment scheme.
-
Question 36 of 100
The Interim Constitution of 1972, which provided a temporary constitutional framework pending a permanent constitution, was adopted by:
ExplanationThe Interim Constitution of 1972 was adopted by the National Assembly that had been elected in the 1970 general elections (representing what remained of Pakistan after 1971).
-
Question 37 of 100
Under Ayub Khan's Basic Democracies system, the electoral college for presidential and legislative elections comprised a total of how many 'Basic Democrats'?
ExplanationThe Basic Democracies system created an electoral college of 80,000 members -- 40,000 from East Pakistan and 40,000 from West Pakistan -- who indirectly elected the President and, initially, the National Assembly.
-
Question 38 of 100
Pakistan's first Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 29 February 1956 and enforced on:
ExplanationPakistan's first Constitution, adopted on 29 February 1956, was formally enforced on 23 March 1956 -- a date already significant as the anniversary of the 1940 Lahore (Pakistan) Resolution.
-
Question 39 of 100
Following Zia's death, Article 58(2)(b) was first invoked by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan in 1988 to dissolve the government of Prime Minister:
ExplanationPresident Ghulam Ishaq Khan invoked Article 58(2)(b) in 1988 to dissolve the National Assembly and dismiss Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo's government, shortly before Zia's death led to fresh elections.
-
Question 40 of 100
General Pervez Musharraf's coup, which overthrew the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, took place on:
ExplanationGeneral Pervez Musharraf overthrew Nawaz Sharif's government in a bloodless coup on 12 October 1999.
-
Question 41 of 100
The 1973 Constitution declares which religion to be the State Religion of Pakistan?
ExplanationArticle 2 of the 1973 Constitution declares Islam to be the State Religion of Pakistan.
-
Question 42 of 100
The Seventh Amendment (1977), passed shortly before Zia's coup, empowered the Prime Minister to:
ExplanationThe Seventh Amendment (1977) gave the Prime Minister the power to ask the President to hold a referendum seeking public confidence, though it had little practical effect before Zia's coup only months later.
-
Question 43 of 100
The 1973 Constitution, held in abeyance since 1977, was formally restored in 1985 alongside the passage of which amendment?
ExplanationIn 1985, the 1973 Constitution was formally restored alongside the passage of the Eighth Amendment, which also legitimized many of Zia's martial-law-era actions.
-
Question 44 of 100
The Sixteenth Amendment (1999) is generally associated with:
ExplanationThe Sixteenth Amendment of 1999 extended the duration of the constitutionally mandated quota system for civil service appointments and admissions.
-
Question 45 of 100
Under the 1973 Constitution, the national legislature (Parliament/Majlis-e-Shoora) consists of two houses, making it:
ExplanationThe 1973 Constitution established a bicameral legislature, consisting of the National Assembly (directly elected, representing population) and the Senate (representing the provinces equally).
-
Question 46 of 100
The Twentieth Amendment (2012) established the constitutional framework and consultative mechanism for appointing:
ExplanationThe Twentieth Amendment of 2012 set out a detailed, consultative mechanism (involving the Prime Minister, Leader of the Opposition, and a parliamentary committee) for appointing a neutral caretaker government to oversee general elections.
-
Question 47 of 100
Yahya Khan's Legal Framework Order (LFO) of 1970 was primarily intended to:
ExplanationThe Legal Framework Order of 1970 set the rules and principles for Pakistan's first general elections based on direct adult franchise, along with broad guidelines for the future constitution.
-
Question 48 of 100
A central feature of the Eighteenth Amendment (2010) was the abolition of the:
ExplanationThe Eighteenth Amendment abolished the Concurrent Legislative List, transferring a wide range of subjects (such as education and health) from joint federal-provincial jurisdiction to exclusive provincial control.
-
Question 49 of 100
The Eighteenth Amendment (2010) completed a process, begun by the Thirteenth Amendment in 1997, of:
ExplanationWhile the Thirteenth Amendment (1997) had earlier repealed Article 58(2)(b), the Eighteenth Amendment went further in fully removing remaining vestiges of presidential discretionary power over the National Assembly, restoring the parliamentary character of the Constitution.
-
Question 50 of 100
The Tenth Amendment (1987) made relatively minor procedural changes concerning:
ExplanationThe Tenth Amendment of 1987 dealt with a comparatively minor procedural matter -- adjusting the maximum permissible interval between sessions of the National Assembly.
-
Question 51 of 100
Following his conviction in a murder case, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was executed on:
ExplanationZulfikar Ali Bhutto was executed on 4 April 1979 after being convicted in the Nawab Muhammad Ahmad Khan Kasuri murder case, a verdict that remains highly controversial.
-
Question 52 of 100
In the 1970 general elections, the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, won a majority of seats in:
ExplanationThe Pakistan Peoples Party, led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, secured a majority of seats in West Pakistan in the 1970 elections, though it trailed the Awami League nationally.
-
Question 53 of 100
The Interim Constitution of 1972, providing a temporary framework pending the permanent 1973 Constitution, came into effect on:
ExplanationThe Interim Constitution of 1972 came into effect on 21 April 1972, providing a temporary constitutional framework for the country in the aftermath of the 1971 war, pending the drafting of a permanent constitution.
-
Question 54 of 100
Pakistan's first Constituent Assembly, which also functioned as the country's first legislature, was dissolved by Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad in:
ExplanationGovernor-General Ghulam Muhammad dissolved the first Constituent Assembly in October 1954, citing a breakdown in its relationship with the executive.
-
Question 55 of 100
The Fourteenth Amendment (1997) is primarily associated with introducing:
ExplanationThe Fourteenth Amendment of 1997 introduced strict anti-defection ('floor-crossing') provisions, disqualifying members of Parliament who voted against their party's direction on specified matters.
-
Question 56 of 100
In the 1970 general elections, the Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won an overwhelming majority of seats in:
ExplanationThe Awami League swept East Pakistan in the 1970 elections, winning a near-total majority of seats there and, consequently, an overall majority in the National Assembly.
-
Question 57 of 100
The committee tasked by the first Constituent Assembly with drafting the fundamental principles for Pakistan's constitution was known as the:
ExplanationThe Basic Principles Committee (BPC) was formed by the Constituent Assembly to formulate the fundamental principles on which the future constitution would be based.
-
Question 58 of 100
The Twenty-Seventh Amendment, passed on 13 November 2025, notably established a new judicial body known as the:
ExplanationThe Twenty-Seventh Amendment of 2025 established the Federal Constitutional Court (FCC), vesting it with exclusive jurisdiction over constitutional matters and effectively superseding the Constitutional Benches created a year earlier by the Twenty-Sixth Amendment.
-
Question 59 of 100
The 1985 Non-Party Elections held under General Zia-ul-Haq resulted in the appointment of which civilian Prime Minister?
ExplanationThe 1985 Non-Party Elections, held on a non-party basis under Zia's Martial Law regime, resulted in Muhammad Khan Junejo becoming Prime Minister, restoring a degree of civilian government.
-
Question 60 of 100
Ayub Khan's 1962 Constitution came into force on:
ExplanationThe 1962 Constitution, promulgated by Ayub Khan, came into force on 8 June 1962.
-
Question 61 of 100
The passage of the 1973 Constitution in the National Assembly is generally regarded as having occurred:
ExplanationUnlike many of Pakistan's later constitutional changes, the 1973 Constitution was passed with a striking degree of political consensus across party lines, despite some reservations expressed by certain members.
-
Question 62 of 100
The Fifteenth Amendment Bill of 1998, which sought to make the Quran and Sunnah the 'supreme law' of Pakistan, was popularly referred to as the:
ExplanationThe Fifteenth Amendment Bill, popularly known as the 'Shariat Bill', sought to declare the Quran and Sunnah the supreme law of Pakistan; it passed the National Assembly in 1998 but failed to secure passage in the Senate and never became law.
-
Question 63 of 100
The Twenty-Fifth Amendment (2018) merged the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) into which province, abolishing FATA's separate constitutional status?
ExplanationThe Twenty-Fifth Amendment of 2018 merged FATA into the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, ending decades of FATA's distinct semi-autonomous status governed under the colonial-era Frontier Crimes Regulation framework.
-
Question 64 of 100
The Sixth Amendment (1976) is chiefly remembered for having:
ExplanationThe Sixth Amendment of 1976 extended the tenure of Chief Justices of the Supreme Court and High Courts, allowing certain sitting judges to continue in office beyond the standard retirement age.
-
Question 65 of 100
The Second Amendment to the Constitution, passed in 1974, declared members of which community to be non-Muslims for the purposes of the Constitution and law?
ExplanationThe Second Amendment of 1974 declared members of the Ahmadiyya (Qadiani) community to be non-Muslims for constitutional and legal purposes -- a highly consequential and long-debated constitutional change.
-
Question 66 of 100
Under the 1973 Constitution, the Senate is designed primarily to give equal representation to:
ExplanationThe Senate under the 1973 Constitution provides equal representation to each of the provinces (and other federating units), balancing the National Assembly's population-based representation and protecting smaller provinces' interests.
-
Question 67 of 100
Under the 1956 Constitution's unicameral National Assembly, seats were divided equally (150 each) between East and West Pakistan under the principle of:
ExplanationDespite East Pakistan's larger population, the 1956 Constitution allocated an equal number of National Assembly seats (150 each) to East and West Pakistan, reflecting the principle of 'parity' between the two wings.
-
Question 68 of 100
The Twenty-First Amendment (2015), which enabled Military Courts to try civilians for specified terrorism offences, included a:
ExplanationThe Twenty-First Amendment's Military Courts provision was subject to a two-year sunset clause, reflecting its status as an extraordinary, temporary measure rather than a permanent feature of the justice system.
-
Question 69 of 100
Musharraf's Legal Framework Order (LFO) of 2002 was issued ahead of the:
ExplanationMusharraf's Legal Framework Order of 2002 introduced a package of constitutional amendments ahead of the 2002 general elections, restoring a degree of parliamentary process under his continued presidency.
-
Question 70 of 100
Over the following decade, Article 58(2)(b) was repeatedly used to dissolve elected governments, including those of Benazir Bhutto (twice) and:
ExplanationBetween 1988 and 1996, Article 58(2)(b) was invoked to dissolve the governments of Muhammad Khan Junejo, Benazir Bhutto (twice, in 1990 and 1996), and Nawaz Sharif (in 1993), reflecting a pattern of presidential-legislative confrontation.
-
Question 71 of 100
Upon assuming power in 1969, Yahya Khan imposed Pakistan's second Martial Law and abrogated the:
ExplanationGeneral Yahya Khan's assumption of power in 1969 involved the imposition of Pakistan's second Martial Law and the abrogation of the 1962 Constitution.
-
Question 72 of 100
The 1973 Constitution formally came into force on:
ExplanationThe 1973 Constitution formally came into force on 14 August 1973, chosen to coincide with the anniversary of Pakistan's independence.
-
Question 73 of 100
Under the 1956 Constitution, the first President of Pakistan was:
ExplanationIskander Mirza, who had earlier served as the last Governor-General, became Pakistan's first President under the 1956 Constitution.
-
Question 74 of 100
The Eighth Amendment (1985) is most notably associated with inserting which controversial provision, granting the President discretionary power to dissolve the National Assembly?
ExplanationThe Eighth Amendment inserted Article 58(2)(b), granting the President discretionary power to dissolve the National Assembly if satisfied that a situation had arisen in which the government could not be carried on in accordance with the Constitution.
-
Question 75 of 100
The Objectives Resolution, laying down the guiding principles for Pakistan's future constitution, was moved in the Constituent Assembly by:
ExplanationPrime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan moved the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly, setting out the foundational principles for Pakistan's constitution.
-
Question 76 of 100
The dissolution of the first Constituent Assembly in 1954 was challenged in a famous case popularly known as the:
ExplanationThe dissolution was challenged by Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan, then President of the Constituent Assembly, in what became a landmark constitutional case testing the limits of the Governor-General's power.
-
Question 77 of 100
The First Amendment to the 1973 Constitution, passed in 1974, primarily made adjustments to constitutional provisions necessitated by:
ExplanationThe First Amendment (1974) largely addressed constitutional and territorial adjustments made necessary by the 1971 secession of East Pakistan and the emergence of Bangladesh.
-
Question 78 of 100
The 1956 Constitution provided for which form of government?
ExplanationThe 1956 Constitution established a parliamentary system, with a largely ceremonial President and executive authority vested in a Prime Minister accountable to the legislature.
-
Question 79 of 100
The Fifth Amendment (1976) is generally understood to have further:
ExplanationThe Fifth Amendment of 1976 further curtailed judicial powers and independence, including provisions affecting the transfer of judges between High Courts.
-
Question 80 of 100
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's role changed under the 1973 Constitution from President to:
ExplanationWith the shift to a parliamentary system under the 1973 Constitution, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto transitioned from the presidency to the office of Prime Minister, becoming the country's chief executive.
-
Question 81 of 100
A key rationale behind the One Unit Scheme of 1955 was to establish 'parity' between:
ExplanationThe One Unit Scheme was largely designed to create political 'parity' between East and West Pakistan by consolidating West Pakistan's smaller units, offsetting East Pakistan's larger population.
-
Question 82 of 100
Upon assuming power in 1999, Musharraf initially adopted which official title, rather than immediately becoming President?
ExplanationMusharraf initially took the title of Chief Executive following the 1999 coup, only formally becoming President in 2001 following a controversial referendum.
-
Question 83 of 100
Which of the following constitutional amendment bills from Pakistan's history were formally introduced but never successfully passed into law?
ExplanationHistorically, the Ninth Amendment Bill (1985), Eleventh Amendment Bill (1989), and Fifteenth Amendment Bill (1998) were all formally introduced in Parliament but never successfully enacted into law, unlike Pakistan's other numbered constitutional amendments.
-
Question 84 of 100
Only weeks after being appointed Chief Martial Law Administrator, General Ayub Khan removed President Iskander Mirza and himself assumed the presidency on:
ExplanationGeneral Ayub Khan removed Iskander Mirza and assumed the presidency himself on 27 October 1958, just weeks after the imposition of Martial Law.
-
Question 85 of 100
Unlike the parliamentary 1956 Constitution, the 1962 Constitution introduced which form of government?
ExplanationThe 1962 Constitution marked a sharp departure from the 1956 Constitution by introducing a presidential system, concentrating executive authority in the President.
-
Question 86 of 100
In the 1965 Presidential Election held under the Basic Democracies system, Ayub Khan defeated which opposition candidate, representing the Combined Opposition Parties?
ExplanationAyub Khan defeated Fatima Jinnah, the sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and candidate of the Combined Opposition Parties, in the 1965 presidential election, held via the Basic Democrats electoral college.
-
Question 87 of 100
The Twenty-Seventh Amendment (2025) also created a new unified top military command position, to be assumed by the sitting Chief of Army Staff, titled:
ExplanationThe Twenty-Seventh Amendment created the new post of Chief of Defence Forces, a unified command role assumed by the Chief of Army Staff, alongside provisions granting lifetime rank and protections to holders of the highest military ranks.
-
Question 88 of 100
The Objectives Resolution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on:
ExplanationThe Objectives Resolution was adopted on 12 March 1949, less than two years after independence.
-
Question 89 of 100
Under the 1973 Constitution as originally enacted, the ceremonial head of state was the President, while executive authority rested chiefly with the:
ExplanationAs originally framed, the 1973 Constitution vested real executive power in the Prime Minister, with the President serving largely as a ceremonial head of state -- though this balance shifted at various points due to later amendments.
-
Question 90 of 100
The Fourth Amendment (1975) is generally noted for having:
ExplanationThe Fourth Amendment (1975) restricted certain powers of the High Courts, including limiting their jurisdiction over matters like bail and the issuance of writs in specific circumstances.
-
Question 91 of 100
The Eighteenth Amendment (2010) renamed the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) as:
ExplanationAs part of the Eighteenth Amendment, the North-West Frontier Province was formally renamed Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, addressing a long-standing demand of Pashtun nationalist politics.
-
Question 92 of 100
The political crisis over convening the National Assembly following the 1970 elections ultimately led to a civil war and the secession of East Pakistan, which became the independent state of Bangladesh on:
ExplanationAfter months of political deadlock and military action, East Pakistan seceded to become the independent state of Bangladesh on 16 December 1971, following the surrender of Pakistani forces in Dhaka.
-
Question 93 of 100
The 1984 Referendum held by General Zia-ul-Haq was framed as a vote on the continuation of Islamization, but its practical effect was to:
ExplanationThe 1984 Referendum, though framed around support for Zia's Islamization program, was used to claim a public mandate extending his presidency for a further five-year term.
-
Question 94 of 100
The 1973 Constitution is Pakistan's:
ExplanationThe 1973 Constitution is Pakistan's third constitutional document, following the 1956 Constitution (abrogated 1958) and the 1962 Constitution (abrogated 1969), and remains in force today, as amended.
-
Question 95 of 100
Upon imposing Martial Law in 1958, Iskander Mirza appointed which General as Chief Martial Law Administrator?
ExplanationIskander Mirza appointed General Ayub Khan, then Commander-in-Chief of the Army, as Chief Martial Law Administrator in October 1958.
-
Question 96 of 100
The principles of the Objectives Resolution were eventually made a substantive, operative part of the Constitution (rather than merely the Preamble) through which amendment?
ExplanationAlthough the Objectives Resolution formed the Preamble of the 1973 Constitution from the start, it was only made a substantive part of the Constitution (as Article 2A) through the Eighth Amendment in 1985.
-
Question 97 of 100
The 1956 Constitution was abrogated on 7 October 1958 by President Iskander Mirza, who simultaneously imposed Pakistan's:
ExplanationPresident Iskander Mirza abrogated the 1956 Constitution and imposed Pakistan's first Martial Law on 7 October 1958.
-
Question 98 of 100
Who became Pakistan's first Prime Minister under the newly enforced 1973 Constitution?
ExplanationZulfikar Ali Bhutto became Pakistan's first Prime Minister under the 1973 Constitution, having earlier served as President under the Interim Constitution.
-
Question 99 of 100
Following the Bengali Language Movement, the 1956 Constitution formally recognized which two languages as state/national languages?
ExplanationIn response to the Bengali Language Movement, the 1956 Constitution formally recognized both Urdu and Bengali as the state languages of Pakistan.
-
Question 100 of 100
Pakistan's current and permanent Constitution was passed by the National Assembly on:
ExplanationThe 1973 Constitution was passed by the National Assembly on 10 April 1973, though it came into force a few months later.
0 / 100 answered · 0 skipped
You can practise as a guest, but sign in to save your score and track your progress.