Human Anatomy Physiology Competitive Exams
100 questions · General Science
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Question 1 of 100
The main muscle used in breathing is the
ExplanationContraction of the diaphragm increases chest volume and draws air in.
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Question 2 of 100
The Bohr effect describes that
ExplanationIt helps in oxygen release in active tissues.
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Question 3 of 100
Insulin is secreted by the
ExplanationIt lowers blood glucose.
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Question 4 of 100
Pulmonary circulation carries blood from the
ExplanationThe right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary artery.
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Question 5 of 100
Calcium levels in blood are raised by
ExplanationIt acts on bone, kidney and intestine; calcitonin lowers calcium.
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Question 6 of 100
Rods in the retina are responsible for
ExplanationCones are responsible for colour vision.
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Question 7 of 100
Veins carry blood
ExplanationThey have valves to prevent backflow.
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Question 8 of 100
The human heart has
ExplanationTwo atria and two ventricles.
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Question 9 of 100
In an ECG, the QRS complex represents
ExplanationThe P wave represents atrial depolarisation.
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Question 10 of 100
According to the sliding filament theory, muscle contraction occurs when
ExplanationCross-bridges form between actin and myosin.
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Question 11 of 100
Each haemoglobin molecule can bind a maximum of
ExplanationIt has four haem groups, each containing an iron atom that binds one O₂.
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Question 12 of 100
The natural pacemaker of the heart is the
ExplanationIt generates the electrical impulses that start each heartbeat.
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Question 13 of 100
The normal resting heart rate of an adult is about
ExplanationThe usual range is 60–100 beats per minute.
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Question 14 of 100
The part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination of movement is the
ExplanationThe cerebrum controls thinking and memory.
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Question 15 of 100
Plasma is about ______ of blood volume.
ExplanationIt is mostly water with dissolved proteins, salts and nutrients.
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Question 16 of 100
A rise in blood glucose is brought about by
ExplanationGlucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen.
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Question 17 of 100
The 'lub' heart sound is caused by the
ExplanationThe 'dub' sound is produced by the closure of the semilunar valves.
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Question 18 of 100
The part of the eye on which the image is formed is the
ExplanationIt contains rods and cones.
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Question 19 of 100
The male sex hormone is
ExplanationIt is produced mainly by the testes.
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Question 20 of 100
The total number of teeth in an adult human is
ExplanationIncluding four wisdom teeth.
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Question 21 of 100
Melatonin, regulating the sleep–wake cycle, is secreted by the
ExplanationIts secretion increases in darkness.
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Question 22 of 100
The ear is the organ of
ExplanationThe cochlea is for hearing and the semicircular canals for balance.
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Question 23 of 100
The parasympathetic nervous system generally
ExplanationThe sympathetic system does the opposite.
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Question 24 of 100
Aldosterone helps to
ExplanationIt is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
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Question 25 of 100
The part of the brain that controls involuntary actions such as heartbeat and breathing is the
ExplanationIt is part of the brainstem and joins the brain to the spinal cord.
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Question 26 of 100
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the
ExplanationAlveoli have thin walls and a rich blood supply.
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Question 27 of 100
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of a healthy adult is about
ExplanationThis is about 180 litres filtered per day, of which more than 99% is reabsorbed.
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Question 28 of 100
Blood platelets help in
ExplanationThey stop bleeding by forming clots.
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Question 29 of 100
Fertilisation in humans normally occurs in the
ExplanationThe zygote then moves to the uterus for implantation.
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Question 30 of 100
The windpipe is also called the
ExplanationIt carries air to the lungs.
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Question 31 of 100
The largest gland in the human body is the
ExplanationIt weighs about 1.5 kg in adults.
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Question 32 of 100
Goitre is caused by deficiency of
ExplanationIodine is needed to make thyroxine.
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Question 33 of 100
The organ that controls all activities of the body is the
ExplanationIt is protected by the skull.
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Question 34 of 100
The number of bones in an adult human body is
ExplanationA newborn has about 270–300 bones, which fuse as the child grows.
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Question 35 of 100
A common neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is
ExplanationIt triggers muscle contraction.
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Question 36 of 100
The myelin sheath around axons
ExplanationThe impulse jumps between the nodes of Ranvier.
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Question 37 of 100
The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells is
ExplanationIt gives blood its red colour.
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Question 38 of 100
The tidal volume of a resting adult human is about
ExplanationIt is the volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath.
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Question 39 of 100
A reflex action is controlled mainly by the
ExplanationIt is a quick, involuntary response.
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Question 40 of 100
Antibodies are produced by
ExplanationThey bind specifically to antigens.
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Question 41 of 100
The main function of the heart is to
ExplanationIt acts as a muscular pump.
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Question 42 of 100
Arteries carry blood
ExplanationMost arteries carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary artery).
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Question 43 of 100
The three ear ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes) function to
ExplanationThey carry vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.
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Question 44 of 100
The acid secreted in the stomach is
ExplanationIt kills germs and activates pepsin.
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Question 45 of 100
The master gland of the body is the
ExplanationIt controls other endocrine glands.
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Question 46 of 100
Muscles of the heart are called
ExplanationThey work continuously without fatigue and are involuntary.
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Question 47 of 100
The sperm are produced in the
ExplanationSpermatogenesis takes about 70 days.
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Question 48 of 100
Valves in the heart and veins
ExplanationThey ensure one-way flow.
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Question 49 of 100
The smallest bone in the human body is the
ExplanationIt is about 3 mm long.
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Question 50 of 100
The rising phase of an action potential is caused by
ExplanationVoltage-gated Na⁺ channels open and depolarise the membrane.
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Question 51 of 100
The respiratory centre that controls breathing rate is located in the
ExplanationIt is stimulated mainly by increased CO₂ and decreased pH.
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Question 52 of 100
Adrenaline is called the 'fight or flight' hormone and is secreted by the
ExplanationIt increases heart rate and blood sugar.
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Question 53 of 100
Tendons connect
ExplanationLigaments connect bone to bone.
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Question 54 of 100
The universal blood donor and universal recipient groups are, respectively,
ExplanationO negative has no A, B or Rh antigens.
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Question 55 of 100
The largest bone in the human body is the
ExplanationThe femur (thigh bone) is also the longest and strongest.
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Question 56 of 100
A normal human blood pressure reading is about
ExplanationThe first number is systolic and the second diastolic.
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Question 57 of 100
The hormone that triggers ovulation is
ExplanationOvulation usually occurs about 14 days before the next menstrual period.
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Question 58 of 100
The spinal cord is protected by the
ExplanationThe backbone consists of 33 vertebrae.
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Question 59 of 100
Oxygen is carried in the blood mainly in the form of
ExplanationHaemoglobin binds oxygen reversibly in the lungs.
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Question 60 of 100
The lymphatic system helps to
ExplanationLymph nodes filter lymph and contain lymphocytes.
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Question 61 of 100
A human has ______ pairs of ribs.
ExplanationThe rib cage protects the heart and lungs.
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Question 62 of 100
The pregnancy hormone detected in pregnancy tests is
ExplanationIt is produced by the placenta (trophoblast cells).
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Question 63 of 100
The three main parts of a neuron are the
ExplanationImpulses travel from dendrites to the axon.
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Question 64 of 100
The voice box is also called the
ExplanationIt contains the vocal cords.
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Question 65 of 100
The eye lens changes its shape to focus on near and distant objects. This is called
ExplanationThe ciliary muscles change its curvature.
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Question 66 of 100
Secretin, released by the duodenum, stimulates the pancreas to release
ExplanationIt neutralises the acidic chyme.
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Question 67 of 100
White blood cells (WBCs) mainly
ExplanationThey are part of the immune system.
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Question 68 of 100
The hypothalamus is responsible for
ExplanationIt also controls the pituitary gland.
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Question 69 of 100
Osteoclasts are the cells that
ExplanationOsteoblasts build bone.
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Question 70 of 100
Erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production, is secreted mainly by the
ExplanationLow oxygen levels trigger its release.
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Question 71 of 100
The tongue has taste buds that detect
ExplanationTaste buds are located on the papillae.
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Question 72 of 100
Villi in the small intestine
ExplanationEach villus has a blood capillary and a lacteal.
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Question 73 of 100
Red blood cells (RBCs) carry
ExplanationThey contain the pigment haemoglobin.
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Question 74 of 100
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the kidney to
ExplanationLack of ADH causes diabetes insipidus.
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Question 75 of 100
The loop of Henle is important for
ExplanationIt creates a salt gradient in the medulla.
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Question 76 of 100
Lack of insulin leads to
ExplanationBlood glucose level remains high.
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Question 77 of 100
Muscle fatigue during vigorous exercise is mainly associated with
ExplanationGlycolysis continues when oxygen supply is inadequate.
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Question 78 of 100
The functional unit of the kidney is the
ExplanationEach kidney has about a million nephrons.
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Question 79 of 100
The large intestine mainly absorbs
ExplanationThe remaining waste is formed into faeces.
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Question 80 of 100
The largest organ of the human body is the
ExplanationIt covers the entire body surface.
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Question 81 of 100
Digestion of starch begins in the
ExplanationSalivary amylase breaks down starch into maltose.
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Question 82 of 100
A ball-and-socket joint is found at the
ExplanationIt allows movement in all directions.
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Question 83 of 100
The normal human body temperature is about
ExplanationThis is equal to about 98.6 °F.
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Question 84 of 100
Haemolytic disease of the newborn can occur when the mother is
ExplanationThe mother's antibodies may attack the foetal red cells in later pregnancies.
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Question 85 of 100
The placenta
ExplanationIt also secretes hormones.
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Question 86 of 100
Pepsin, found in the stomach, digests
ExplanationIt works best in acidic conditions.
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Question 87 of 100
Our skin makes ______ with the help of sunlight.
ExplanationIt is needed for strong bones.
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Question 88 of 100
Urea, the main nitrogenous waste in humans, is formed in the
ExplanationIt is made from ammonia and excreted by the kidneys.
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Question 89 of 100
The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the
ExplanationIt pumps blood to the whole body.
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Question 90 of 100
Night blindness is due to deficiency of
ExplanationVitamin A is needed to make rhodopsin in the rods.
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Question 91 of 100
Bile, which helps to emulsify fats, is produced by the
ExplanationIt is stored in the gall bladder.
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Question 92 of 100
If the heart rate is 72 beats/min and stroke volume is 70 mL, the cardiac output is about
ExplanationCO = HR × SV = 72 × 70 = 5,040 mL/min ≈ 5 L/min.
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Question 93 of 100
The kidneys help to
ExplanationThey remove waste such as urea and excess water.
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Question 94 of 100
Vaccination provides
ExplanationThe body makes its own antibodies and memory cells.
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Question 95 of 100
The HIV virus mainly attacks
ExplanationTheir destruction leads to AIDS.
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Question 96 of 100
Most absorption of digested food takes place in the
ExplanationIts inner wall has finger-like villi.
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Question 97 of 100
Most of the carbon dioxide in blood is transported as
ExplanationAbout 70% is carried as HCO₃⁻ in plasma.
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Question 98 of 100
The exchange of gases in humans takes place in the
ExplanationOxygen enters the blood and CO₂ leaves it.
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Question 99 of 100
The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is about
ExplanationThe inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside.
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Question 100 of 100
Rigor mortis occurs because of
ExplanationMuscles stay stiff after death until tissue breaks down.
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