Constitution of Pakistan 1973 Amendments MCQs Competitive Exams
120 questions · Pakistan Studies
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Question 1 of 120
Article 35 of the Constitution, under Principles of Policy, directs the State to protect:
ExplanationArticle 35 directs the State to protect the marriage, the family, the mother, and the child.
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Question 2 of 120
In the National Assembly, the presiding officer known as the Speaker is elected by:
ExplanationThe Speaker of the National Assembly is elected by its own members, from amongst themselves, mirroring the process used for the Senate Chairman.
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Question 3 of 120
Under Article 51, as it currently stands, the National Assembly comprises a total of 336 seats, made up of 266 general seats plus reserved seats for:
ExplanationThe National Assembly's current composition, as provided under Article 51, is 336 total seats: 266 general seats filled through direct election, plus 60 seats reserved for women and 10 seats reserved for non-Muslims, both allocated by proportional representation.
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Question 4 of 120
Under Article 47 of the Constitution, the removal of the President from office through impeachment requires a resolution passed by:
ExplanationArticle 47 sets a high threshold for the President's removal, requiring a resolution supported by a two-thirds majority of the total membership of Parliament in a joint sitting, on grounds such as physical or mental incapacity, or gross misconduct.
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Question 5 of 120
Comparing the retirement ages fixed by the Constitution, a Supreme Court judge retires at sixty-five, while a High Court judge retires three years earlier, at:
ExplanationThis is a frequently tested point of contrast: the Constitution fixes the Supreme Court judge's retirement age at sixty-five (Article 179) and the High Court judge's retirement age three years earlier, at sixty-two.
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Question 6 of 120
The Federal Constitutional Court, established by the Twenty-Seventh Amendment (2025), is vested with:
ExplanationThe Federal Constitutional Court was created with exclusive jurisdiction over constitutional matters, effectively taking over this role from the Supreme Court's Constitutional Benches, which had themselves only recently been created by the preceding Twenty-Sixth Amendment.
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Question 7 of 120
Members of the Senate of Pakistan serve a term of:
ExplanationSenators serve a term of six years, with approximately half the Senate's membership retiring every three years to maintain the body's continuity.
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Question 8 of 120
Under Article 8 of the Constitution, any existing law that is inconsistent with the Fundamental Rights is, to the extent of such inconsistency, declared to be:
ExplanationArticle 8(1) provides that any law inconsistent with the Fundamental Rights conferred by Chapter 1 of Part II shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.
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Question 9 of 120
Under the Constitution, a Provincial Governor holds office during:
ExplanationA Provincial Governor holds office during the pleasure of the President, meaning they can be removed by the President (acting, in practice, on the Prime Minister's advice) at any time.
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Question 10 of 120
Under Article 184(3) of the Constitution, the Supreme Court's well-known 'suo motu' power allows it to take up a matter of public importance where it involves the enforcement of:
ExplanationArticle 184(3) empowers the Supreme Court to exercise original jurisdiction, on its own initiative or otherwise, in any matter of public importance involving the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
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Question 11 of 120
Under Article 184(1) of the Constitution, the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in disputes between:
ExplanationArticle 184(1) grants the Supreme Court original jurisdiction over disputes between the Federal Government and one or more Provincial Governments, or between Provincial Governments themselves.
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Question 12 of 120
Article 6 of the Constitution was significantly strengthened -- broadening it to cover those who aid, abet, or collaborate in an act of High Treason, and declaring such an act non-validatable even by a court -- through the:
ExplanationThe Eighteenth Amendment (2010) strengthened Article 6, extending its scope to those who aid, abet, or collaborate in acts of High Treason and providing that no court, including the Supreme Court, could validate such an act.
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Question 13 of 120
Immediately before the creation of the Federal Constitutional Court in 2025, constitutional matters within the Supreme Court had been handled since 2024 by specially designated:
ExplanationThe Twenty-Sixth Amendment (2024) created Constitutional Benches within the Supreme Court and High Courts to handle constitutional matters -- an arrangement that was itself superseded barely a year later by the Twenty-Seventh Amendment's Federal Constitutional Court.
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Question 14 of 120
Under Article 41 of the Constitution, a person is qualified for election as President only if they are:
ExplanationArticle 41(2) requires that a person be a Muslim, not less than forty-five years of age, and otherwise qualified to be elected as a member of the National Assembly, in order to be eligible for the office of President.
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Question 15 of 120
The rapid succession of the Twenty-Sixth Amendment (2024, creating Constitutional Benches) and the Twenty-Seventh Amendment (2025, creating the Federal Constitutional Court) reflects:
ExplanationThe back-to-back passage of the Twenty-Sixth and Twenty-Seventh Amendments within roughly a year of each other illustrates the intense and still-evolving process of restructuring Pakistan's higher judiciary and its constitutional jurisdiction in the mid-2020s.
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Question 16 of 120
Under Article 199 of the Constitution, a High Court's power to issue writs includes orders in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and:
ExplanationArticle 199 empowers High Courts to issue five categories of writs: habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and quo warranto, alongside their broader jurisdiction to enforce Fundamental Rights.
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Question 17 of 120
Article 25(2) of the Constitution specifically prohibits discrimination against any citizen on the basis of:
ExplanationArticle 25(2) specifically provides that there shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex alone, while Article 25(1) more broadly guarantees equality before law and equal protection of law for all citizens.
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Question 18 of 120
Under Article 46 of the Constitution, the Prime Minister is required to keep the President informed on all matters of:
ExplanationArticle 46 requires the Prime Minister to keep the President informed on all matters of internal and foreign policy, and on all legislative proposals the Federal Government intends to introduce in Parliament.
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Question 19 of 120
Under Article 175 of the Constitution, the judiciary of Pakistan comprises the Supreme Court, High Courts, and:
ExplanationArticle 175 establishes the Supreme Court and High Courts as the core of Pakistan's judiciary, with provision for such other courts as may be established by law from time to time.
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Question 20 of 120
Under Article 2 of the Constitution, the State religion of Pakistan is declared to be:
ExplanationArticle 2 declares Islam to be the State Religion of Pakistan.
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Question 21 of 120
Article 40 of the Constitution, under Principles of Policy, directs the State to endeavour to strengthen fraternal relations among Muslim countries and to promote:
ExplanationArticle 40 directs the State to strengthen bonds with Muslim countries based on Islamic unity, while also promoting international peace and security and friendly relations among all nations.
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Question 22 of 120
Under Article 1 of the Constitution, Pakistan is declared to be a Federal Republic to be known as:
ExplanationArticle 1(1) declares Pakistan to be a Federal Republic known as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
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Question 23 of 120
Unlike the National Assembly, the Senate of Pakistan is designed as a body that:
ExplanationThe Senate is a continuing (permanent) body that is never dissolved; instead, its members serve staggered six-year terms, with roughly half the membership retiring and being replaced every three years.
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Question 24 of 120
The head of government and Leader of the House in the National Assembly is the:
ExplanationThe Prime Minister, as the elected leader commanding the confidence of the National Assembly, serves as the Leader of the House in that chamber.
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Question 25 of 120
Under the Constitution, the Provincial Cabinet, headed by the Chief Minister, is collectively responsible to:
ExplanationAs at the federal level, the Provincial Cabinet is collectively responsible to the elected legislature -- in this case, the Provincial Assembly -- rather than to the Governor or the federal government.
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Question 26 of 120
Under Article 91 of the Constitution, the Prime Minister is elected by:
ExplanationArticle 91 provides that the National Assembly elects the Prime Minister from amongst its own members, reflecting the parliamentary principle that the head of government must command the confidence of the directly elected lower house.
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Question 27 of 120
Under the Constitution, a joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament is presided over by:
ExplanationWhen Parliament meets in a joint sitting -- for example, to consider certain categories of legislation or an impeachment resolution against the President -- proceedings are presided over by the Speaker of the National Assembly.
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Question 28 of 120
As currently constituted (per the composition reported in late 2024), the Senate of Pakistan has a total of approximately:
ExplanationThe Senate's effective total membership stood at approximately 96 as of late 2024, reflecting the phasing-out of the seats formerly reserved for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas following their merger into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa under the Twenty-Fifth Amendment.
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Question 29 of 120
Article 9A, guaranteeing every person the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, was inserted into the Constitution by the:
ExplanationArticle 9A, guaranteeing the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, was inserted by the Twenty-Sixth Amendment in 2024 -- one of the most recent additions to the Fundamental Rights chapter.
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Question 30 of 120
Article 5 of the Constitution declares that loyalty to the State and obedience to the Constitution and law is:
ExplanationArticle 5 declares loyalty to the State and obedience to the Constitution and law to be the basic, inviolable duty of every citizen wherever they may be, and of every other person for the time being in Pakistan.
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Question 31 of 120
Under Article 179 of the Constitution, a judge of the Supreme Court retires upon attaining the age of:
ExplanationArticle 179 fixes the retirement age for a Supreme Court judge at sixty-five years.
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Question 32 of 120
As of early 2024, the President of Pakistan is:
ExplanationAsif Ali Zardari took office as President of Pakistan on 10 March 2024, marking his second term in the office (having earlier served from 2008 to 2013).
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Question 33 of 120
Under Article 42 of the Constitution, before entering upon office, the President must make an oath to:
ExplanationUnder Article 42, the President's oath commits them to discharge their duties and perform their functions honestly, in accordance with the Constitution, and to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution.
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Question 34 of 120
Under Article 48(5) of the Constitution, if the President does not return advice tendered by the Prime Minister/Cabinet for reconsideration within the prescribed period, the advice is deemed to have been:
ExplanationArticle 48(5) provides that where the President fails to act on advice within the prescribed period (ten days for the first submission), the advice is deemed to have been approved by the President.
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Question 35 of 120
Article 4 of the Constitution guarantees every citizen the inalienable right to:
ExplanationArticle 4 guarantees that enjoying the protection of law and being treated in accordance with law is the inalienable right of every citizen, wherever they may be, and of every other person for the time being within Pakistan.
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Question 36 of 120
Under the Constitution, when the office of Governor is vacant or the Governor is unable to perform their functions, those functions are, in the interim, generally performed by:
ExplanationSimilar to the arrangement whereby the Chairman of the Senate acts for an absent President, the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly generally performs the Governor's functions when the Governor is absent, unable to act, or the office is vacant.
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Question 37 of 120
Article 31 of the Constitution, on the 'Islamic way of life', directs the State to endeavour to enable Muslims of Pakistan to order their lives in accordance with:
ExplanationArticle 31 directs the State to make it possible for Muslims, individually and collectively, to order their lives in accordance with the fundamental principles and basic concepts of Islam as set out in the Quran and Sunnah.
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Question 38 of 120
Under Article 10 of the Constitution, a person arrested and detained in custody must be produced before a magistrate within:
ExplanationArticle 10 requires that a person arrested and detained in custody be produced before a magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest, excluding the time necessary for the journey.
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Question 39 of 120
Under Article 49 of the Constitution, in the event of the President's absence or inability to perform functions, those functions are performed first by:
ExplanationArticle 49 provides that, during the President's absence or temporary incapacity, the Chairman of the Senate acts as President; if the Chairman of the Senate is also unavailable, the Speaker of the National Assembly performs these functions.
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Question 40 of 120
Under Article 101 of the Constitution, the Governor of a Province is appointed by:
ExplanationArticle 101, as it stands after the Eighteenth Amendment, provides that the Governor of a Province is appointed by the President, but only on the advice of the Prime Minister -- removing the President's earlier independent discretion in this appointment.
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Question 41 of 120
Article 37 of the Constitution, under Principles of Policy, directs the State to promote:
ExplanationArticle 37 directs the State to promote social justice and eradicate social evils, including matters such as ensuring inexpensive and speedy justice, and promoting the education and welfare of backward classes and areas.
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Question 42 of 120
Article 9 of the Constitution provides that no person shall be deprived of life or liberty save:
ExplanationArticle 9 guarantees the security of person, providing that no person shall be deprived of life or liberty save in accordance with law.
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Question 43 of 120
Under the Constitution, the Federal Cabinet, together with the Prime Minister, is collectively responsible to:
ExplanationThe Cabinet, headed by the Prime Minister, is collectively responsible to the National Assembly -- a defining feature of Pakistan's parliamentary system of government.
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Question 44 of 120
Pakistan currently comprises four provinces, each headed by its own Governor and Chief Minister: Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, and:
ExplanationPakistan's four provinces, each with its own Governor and Chief Minister, are Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan; the Islamabad Capital Territory, by contrast, is administered federally and has neither a Governor nor a Chief Minister.
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Question 45 of 120
Under the Constitution, a 'Money Bill' may originate only in the:
ExplanationA Money Bill may originate only in the National Assembly; the Senate's role regarding Money Bills is limited to making recommendations within a prescribed period, without the power to reject or amend such bills directly.
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Question 46 of 120
Under Article 6 of the Constitution, abrogating, subverting, suspending, or holding in abeyance the Constitution by use of force or show of force or by other unconstitutional means is declared to be:
ExplanationArticle 6 declares any act of abrogating, subverting, suspending, or holding in abeyance the Constitution by force or unconstitutional means to be High Treason -- a provision aimed squarely at deterring military coups and extra-constitutional takeovers.
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Question 47 of 120
Under Article 25 of the Constitution, all citizens are declared to be:
ExplanationArticle 25(1) is the Constitution's central equality provision, declaring all citizens equal before law and entitled to equal protection of law.
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Question 48 of 120
Article 2A of the Constitution, which made the Objectives Resolution a substantive and operative part of the Constitution, was inserted by:
ExplanationArticle 2A was inserted by the Eighth Amendment of 1985, elevating the Objectives Resolution from a mere preamble to a substantive part of the Constitution.
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Question 49 of 120
Article 28 of the Constitution protects the right of any section of citizens having a distinct language, script, or culture to:
ExplanationArticle 28 guarantees any section of citizens having a distinct language, script, or culture the right to preserve and promote that language, script, or culture, subject to Article 251.
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Question 50 of 120
Article 25A of the Constitution, guaranteeing the right to free and compulsory education, applies to all children within which age range?
ExplanationArticle 25A, inserted by the Eighteenth Amendment (2010), obligates the State to provide free and compulsory education to all children aged five to sixteen years, in a manner determined by law.
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Question 51 of 120
Article 23 of the Constitution guarantees every citizen the right to:
ExplanationArticle 23 guarantees every citizen the right to acquire, hold, and dispose of property in any part of Pakistan, subject to the Constitution and any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the public interest.
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Question 52 of 120
Under the Constitution, executive authority of a Province extends to matters with respect to which the Provincial Assembly has power to make laws, but is subject to:
ExplanationThe Constitution's federal structure means provincial executive authority, while significant (especially after the Eighteenth Amendment's devolution of the Concurrent List), remains subject to the executive authority expressly conferred on the Federation.
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Question 53 of 120
Article 14 of the Constitution, on the inviolability of the dignity of man, also explicitly protects:
ExplanationArticle 14 declares the dignity of man, and, subject to law, the privacy of the home, to be inviolable -- this is the Constitution's core textual basis for a right to privacy.
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Question 54 of 120
Article 38 of the Constitution, under Principles of Policy, directs the State to promote the social and economic well-being of the people by measures including:
ExplanationArticle 38 lays down a broad range of socio-economic objectives, including securing the well-being of the people irrespective of sex, caste, creed, or race, and reducing disparity in income and wealth.
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Question 55 of 120
Article 140A of the Constitution, inserted by the Eighteenth Amendment, obligates each Province to establish:
ExplanationArticle 140A requires each Province to establish a Local Government system by law, devolving political, administrative, and financial responsibility and authority to elected representatives of local governments.
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Question 56 of 120
Following the Eighteenth Amendment (2010), the Provincial Governor's role in Pakistan can best be described as:
ExplanationThe Eighteenth Amendment significantly curtailed the Governor's discretionary powers, bringing the office much closer to a ceremonial role bound by Cabinet advice, similar to the President's position at the federal level.
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Question 57 of 120
Under Article 177 of the Constitution, a person is qualified for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court if they have been, among other qualifications, an advocate of a High Court for a period of not less than:
ExplanationArticle 177 provides that, among the alternative qualifications, a person qualifies for appointment as a Supreme Court judge if they have been an advocate of a High Court for a period of not less than fifteen years (or, alternatively, a High Court judge for at least five years).
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Question 58 of 120
Under the Constitution, the President of Pakistan is elected by:
ExplanationThe President is elected by an Electoral College comprising the members of the Senate, the National Assembly, and the Provincial Assemblies, rather than by direct popular vote.
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Question 59 of 120
Which of the following is NOT among the categories of reserved Senate seats allocated to each province?
ExplanationSenate seats reserved for each province include general seats, technocrat/Ulema seats, women's seats, and (one per province) non-Muslim minority seats -- there is no category of Senate seats specifically reserved for landowners.
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Question 60 of 120
Under Article 209 of the Constitution, the Supreme Judicial Council is composed of the Chief Justice of Pakistan, two other senior-most judges of the Supreme Court, and:
ExplanationThe Supreme Judicial Council, under Article 209, consists of the Chief Justice of Pakistan, the two next senior-most judges of the Supreme Court, and the two senior-most Chief Justices of the High Courts.
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Question 61 of 120
Under Article 43 of the Constitution, the President is prohibited from holding:
ExplanationArticle 43 provides that the President shall not hold any other office of profit in the service of Pakistan, and if a sitting member of Parliament or a Provincial Assembly is elected President, their seat in that Assembly becomes vacant.
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Question 62 of 120
The Judicial Commission of Pakistan, tasked with the initial process for appointing superior court judges, was created by the:
ExplanationThe Judicial Commission of Pakistan was created by the Eighteenth Amendment (2010) as the body responsible for recommending nominees for appointment as judges of the superior courts.
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Question 63 of 120
Under Article 251 of the Constitution, the national language of Pakistan is declared to be:
ExplanationArticle 251 declares Urdu to be the national language of Pakistan, while providing for arrangements for its implementation and the continued official use of English during a transitional period.
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Question 64 of 120
Under the process introduced by the Twenty-Sixth Amendment (2024), the Chief Justice of Pakistan is appointed by a Special Parliamentary Committee, selecting from among:
ExplanationThe Twenty-Sixth Amendment departed from the earlier strict seniority convention, providing that a Special Parliamentary Committee selects the Chief Justice of Pakistan from among the three most senior judges of the Supreme Court.
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Question 65 of 120
Under Article 100 of the Constitution, the Attorney-General for Pakistan is appointed by:
ExplanationArticle 100 provides that the Attorney-General for Pakistan is appointed by the President, and must be a person qualified to be a judge of the Supreme Court.
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Question 66 of 120
Article 32 of the Constitution, under Principles of Policy, directs the State to encourage:
ExplanationArticle 32 directs the State to encourage local government institutions composed of elected representatives, including women, peasants, workers, and minorities.
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Question 67 of 120
Under Article 3 of the Constitution, the State is directed to work towards the elimination of all forms of exploitation and the gradual fulfilment of the principle:
ExplanationArticle 3 commits the State to eliminating exploitation and gradually fulfilling the fundamental principle 'from each according to his ability to each according to his work'.
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Question 68 of 120
Under Article 176 of the Constitution, the number of judges of the Supreme Court, other than the Chief Justice, is determined by:
ExplanationArticle 176 provides that the Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of Pakistan and such number of other judges as may be determined by an Act of Parliament (or, until so determined, as fixed by the President).
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Question 69 of 120
Under the Constitution, Federal Ministers and Ministers of State are appointed by the President:
ExplanationFederal Ministers and Ministers of State are formally appointed by the President, but only on the advice of the Prime Minister, consistent with the President's largely ceremonial role in executive appointments.
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Question 70 of 120
Under the Constitution, the Senate's power in respect of a Money Bill passed by the National Assembly is limited to:
ExplanationIn recognition of the National Assembly's primacy over financial matters, the Senate can only recommend changes to a Money Bill within a set period; it cannot reject or directly amend it, and the National Assembly is not bound to accept the Senate's recommendations.
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Question 71 of 120
Under Article 45 of the Constitution, the President has the power to:
ExplanationArticle 45 grants the President the power of pardon, allowing them to grant pardons, reprieves, and respites, and to remit, suspend, or commute any sentence passed by any court, tribunal, or other authority.
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Question 72 of 120
A vote of no-confidence against a sitting Chief Minister is governed by which Article of the Constitution?
ExplanationArticle 136 sets out the procedure for a vote of no-confidence against a Chief Minister in the Provincial Assembly, paralleling the equivalent federal-level procedure for the Prime Minister under Article 95.
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Question 73 of 120
Under Article 105 of the Constitution, in the performance of their functions, a Provincial Governor is generally required to act:
ExplanationArticle 105 requires the Governor to act on and in accordance with the advice of the Provincial Cabinet in the exercise of their functions, except in the limited matters where the Constitution expressly allows them to act in their discretion.
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Question 74 of 120
Article 12 of the Constitution provides protection with respect to:
ExplanationArticle 12 protects individuals against retrospective punishment, providing that no law shall authorize punishment for an act or omission that was not punishable by law at the time it was committed.
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Question 75 of 120
The official residence of the President of Pakistan, located in Islamabad, is known as:
ExplanationThe President's official residence in Islamabad is known as Aiwan-e-Sadr ('House of the President').
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Question 76 of 120
Article 19 of the Constitution guarantees:
ExplanationArticle 19 guarantees freedom of speech and expression, and freedom of the press, subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of matters such as the glory of Islam, security of Pakistan, or public order.
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Question 77 of 120
The constitutional mechanism for appointing a neutral Caretaker Prime Minister ahead of general elections, through consultation between the outgoing Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, was notably refined by which amendment?
ExplanationThe Twentieth Amendment (2012), inserted into Article 224 and related provisions, refined the consultative mechanism -- involving the outgoing Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition, and, failing consensus, a parliamentary committee or the Election Commission -- for appointing a neutral caretaker government ahead of general elections.
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Question 78 of 120
Under the Constitution, the normal term of the National Assembly, unless sooner dissolved, is:
ExplanationThe National Assembly's term is five years from the date of its first meeting, unless it is dissolved earlier.
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Question 79 of 120
Under Article 48 of the Constitution, in the exercise of their functions, the President is generally required to act:
ExplanationArticle 48 requires the President, in the exercise of their functions, to act generally on and in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or the Prime Minister -- a provision significantly reinforced after the discretionary powers introduced by the Eighth Amendment were curtailed by later amendments.
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Question 80 of 120
Following the Eighteenth Amendment, the Nineteenth Amendment (2010) was passed primarily to:
ExplanationThe Nineteenth Amendment (2010) refined the composition and functioning of the Judicial Commission of Pakistan and the accompanying Parliamentary Committee, responding to concerns the Supreme Court had raised about the original Eighteenth Amendment scheme for judicial appointments.
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Question 81 of 120
Comparing the two chief executives at the federal and provincial levels, the Prime Minister is elected by the National Assembly, while the Chief Minister is elected by the:
ExplanationJust as the National Assembly elects the Prime Minister at the federal level, each Provincial Assembly elects its own Chief Minister from amongst its members -- the two processes closely mirror one another.
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Question 82 of 120
The Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly is generally recognized as:
ExplanationThe Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly is the leader of the largest opposition party or group, a role with specific constitutional and procedural significance, including consultation on matters such as the appointment of a caretaker Prime Minister.
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Question 83 of 120
Under Article 212 of the Constitution, Parliament may by law establish one or more Administrative Courts and Tribunals to exercise jurisdiction primarily over matters relating to:
ExplanationArticle 212 allows Parliament to establish Administrative Courts and Tribunals dealing principally with matters relating to the terms and conditions of service of persons in the service of Pakistan (civil servants), among other specified categories.
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Question 84 of 120
Article 22 of the Constitution provides safeguards as to educational institutions specifically in respect of:
ExplanationArticle 22 protects students from being compelled to receive religious instruction relating to a religion other than their own, and prohibits discrimination against any religious community regarding admission to educational institutions.
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Question 85 of 120
Article 11 of the Constitution, prohibiting slavery and forced labour, also prohibits the employment of children below the age of fourteen years in:
ExplanationArticle 11(3) specifically prohibits the employment of children below the age of fourteen years in any factory, mine, or other hazardous employment.
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Question 86 of 120
Under the Constitution, the Chairman of the Senate is elected by:
ExplanationThe Chairman of the Senate is elected by the members of the Senate from amongst themselves, similar to how the Speaker of the National Assembly is elected by its own members.
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Question 87 of 120
The territories of Pakistan, as set out in Article 1, comprise the Provinces of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan, together with:
ExplanationArticle 1(2) lists the territories of Pakistan as the four provinces plus the Islamabad Capital Territory; following the Twenty-Fifth Amendment (2018), the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas were merged into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and are no longer listed as a separate territory.
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Question 88 of 120
Article 10A, guaranteeing the right to a fair trial and due process, was inserted into the Constitution by the:
ExplanationArticle 10A, guaranteeing every person the right to a fair trial and due process for the determination of their civil rights and obligations or any criminal charge, was inserted by the Eighteenth Amendment in 2010.
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Question 89 of 120
Following the curtailment of presidential discretionary powers by successive amendments (notably the Thirteenth and Eighteenth Amendments), the President of Pakistan today functions primarily as:
ExplanationSuccessive amendments -- particularly the Thirteenth Amendment (1997) and the Eighteenth Amendment (2010) -- stripped away the discretionary powers the President had accumulated (especially under the Eighth Amendment), restoring the office to its originally intended largely ceremonial, parliamentary role.
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Question 90 of 120
A new Chapter, establishing the Federal Constitutional Court and inserting Articles 175B to 175L, was added to Part VII of the Constitution by the:
ExplanationThe Twenty-Seventh Amendment, passed in November 2025, inserted an entirely new chapter (Articles 175B-175L) establishing the Federal Constitutional Court within Part VII of the Constitution.
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Question 91 of 120
The Federal Shariat Court, established under Chapter 3A of Part VII (Articles 203A-203J), primarily examines whether laws are:
ExplanationThe Federal Shariat Court's central function under Articles 203A-203J is to examine and decide whether any law or provision of law is repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah.
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Question 92 of 120
Article 13 of the Constitution protects individuals against double punishment for the same offence, and also against:
ExplanationArticle 13 provides protection against double jeopardy (being punished twice for the same offence) and against being compelled to be a witness against oneself (self-incrimination).
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Question 93 of 120
The chapter on Principles of Policy is distinguished from the Fundamental Rights chapter primarily in that Principles of Policy:
ExplanationThe key structural distinction is that while Fundamental Rights are directly enforceable by courts (and inconsistent laws are void under Article 8), the Principles of Policy under Chapter 2 serve as guiding directives for the State that are not directly justiciable.
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Question 94 of 120
The oath of office for the Prime Minister of Pakistan is administered by:
ExplanationThe President administers the oath of office to the newly elected Prime Minister, reflecting the President's formal (though largely ceremonial) role in the appointment process.
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Question 95 of 120
Article 17 of the Constitution, guaranteeing freedom of association, specifically includes the right of citizens to:
ExplanationArticle 17 guarantees the fundamental right of citizens to form associations or unions, including political parties, subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of sovereignty or public order.
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Question 96 of 120
Under Article 95 of the Constitution, a Prime Minister may be removed from office through:
ExplanationArticle 95 provides the constitutional mechanism for a vote of no-confidence against the Prime Minister, requiring notice and a majority of the total membership of the National Assembly for the resolution to succeed.
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Question 97 of 120
Under the Constitution, the total executive authority structure of Pakistan at the federal level can be summarized as vesting nominal authority in the President while real executive power rests with:
ExplanationPakistan's parliamentary system places real executive authority in the hands of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, who are collectively responsible to the National Assembly, while the President's role remains largely ceremonial in ordinary circumstances.
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Question 98 of 120
Under Article 130 of the Constitution, the Chief Minister of a Province is elected by:
ExplanationArticle 130 provides that the Chief Minister is elected by the Provincial Assembly from amongst its own members, mirroring the process by which the National Assembly elects the Prime Minister.
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Question 99 of 120
Under Article 29 of the Constitution, the Principles of Policy set out in Chapter 2 of Part II are intended to be:
ExplanationArticle 29 provides that the Principles of Policy are to guide the State in making laws and policy decisions, but unlike Fundamental Rights, they are not directly enforceable through the courts.
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Question 100 of 120
Under Article 90 of the Constitution, the executive authority of the Federation is vested in the President, but is exercised:
ExplanationArticle 90 vests executive authority formally in the President, but as a matter of practical constitutional design, it is exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, reflecting Pakistan's parliamentary system.
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Question 101 of 120
As of the present constitutional structure, Pakistan has a High Court for each of its four provinces plus a fifth High Court for:
ExplanationIn addition to the High Courts of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan, the Islamabad High Court serves as the fifth High Court, established for the federal capital.
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Question 102 of 120
Special Assistants and Advisers to the Prime Minister, as distinct from Federal Ministers, are appointed by:
ExplanationUnlike Federal Ministers (who are formally appointed by the President on the Prime Minister's advice), Special Assistants and Advisers are appointed directly by the Prime Minister, reflecting their more informal advisory role outside the formal Cabinet structure.
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Question 103 of 120
Under Article 50 of the Constitution, the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of Pakistan consists of the President and:
ExplanationArticle 50 establishes Pakistan's Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) as consisting of the President and two Houses: the National Assembly and the Senate.
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Question 104 of 120
Under the Constitution, a judge of a High Court retires upon attaining the age of:
ExplanationThe retirement age for a High Court judge under the Constitution is sixty-two years, three years earlier than the retirement age fixed for Supreme Court judges.
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Question 105 of 120
Under the Constitution, the President's oath of office is administered by:
ExplanationThe oath of office for the President is administered by the Chief Justice of Pakistan, in keeping with the ceremonial and constitutional significance of the office.
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Question 106 of 120
Article 175(3) of the Constitution provides for the progressive separation of the judiciary from:
ExplanationArticle 175(3) commits the State to separating the judiciary progressively from the executive branch, a principle central to judicial independence in Pakistan.
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Question 107 of 120
Article 21 of the Constitution provides a safeguard against:
ExplanationArticle 21 safeguards individuals against being compelled to pay any special tax the proceeds of which are meant to be spent on the propagation or maintenance of any religion other than their own.
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Question 108 of 120
A newly elected Prime Minister is generally required, under constitutional convention and practice, to obtain a formal vote of confidence from the National Assembly:
ExplanationWhile the precise procedural trigger can vary, Pakistani constitutional practice has repeatedly required a Prime Minister to demonstrate continued confidence of the National Assembly through a vote of confidence, particularly where doubt has been cast on their parliamentary majority.
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Question 109 of 120
Under the Constitution, the collective responsibility of the Cabinet to the National Assembly means that:
ExplanationCollective responsibility means that, once a Cabinet decision is made, all ministers are jointly and publicly answerable to the National Assembly for it, regardless of their private views during internal deliberations.
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Question 110 of 120
Under Article 209 of the Constitution, a judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court may be removed from office, on grounds of misconduct or incapacity, only through a reference to the:
ExplanationArticle 209 establishes the Supreme Judicial Council as the body responsible for inquiring into allegations of misconduct or incapacity against a superior court judge, providing an important safeguard for judicial independence.
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Question 111 of 120
Article 19A of the Constitution, guaranteeing every citizen the right to have access to information, was inserted by the:
ExplanationArticle 19A, guaranteeing citizens the right to access information in matters of public importance, was inserted by the Eighteenth Amendment in 2010.
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Question 112 of 120
Article 34 of the Constitution, under Principles of Policy, commits the State to ensuring:
ExplanationArticle 34 commits the State to taking steps to ensure the full participation of women in all spheres of national life.
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Question 113 of 120
Under Article 44 of the Constitution, the term of office of the President is:
ExplanationArticle 44 provides that the President holds office for a term of five years from the day they enter upon their office, subject to certain provisions regarding continuation in office.
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Question 114 of 120
Under Article 30 of the Constitution, the question of whether any action of an organ or authority of the State conforms to the Principles of Policy is decided by:
ExplanationArticle 30 provides that the responsibility of deciding whether an action conforms to the Principles of Policy rests with the relevant organ or authority itself, and this decision is final and not open to challenge in any court.
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Question 115 of 120
Article 62 of the Constitution, containing detailed 'Sadiq and Ameen' (truthful and trustworthy) requirements, deals with:
ExplanationArticle 62 sets out the qualifications for membership of Parliament, including the well-known and much-debated requirement that a candidate be of good character and not commonly known as one who violates Islamic injunctions -- popularly summarized as the 'Sadiq and Ameen' clause.
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Question 116 of 120
Article 20 of the Constitution guarantees every citizen the right to:
ExplanationArticle 20 guarantees every citizen the freedom to profess, practice, and propagate his religion, and every religious denomination the right to establish, maintain, and manage its own religious institutions.
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Question 117 of 120
If a vote of no-confidence against the Prime Minister succeeds, or the Prime Minister otherwise resigns, the Federal Cabinet:
ExplanationSince the Cabinet's tenure is tied to that of the Prime Minister under the principle of collective responsibility, the Cabinet also stands dissolved when the Prime Minister ceases to hold office.
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Question 118 of 120
A quorum for a sitting of either House of Parliament (National Assembly or Senate) to transact business is generally:
ExplanationThe Constitution generally sets the quorum for a sitting of either House of Parliament at one-fourth of its total membership.
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Question 119 of 120
Under Article 89 of the Constitution, when the National Assembly is not in session, the President may, on the advice of the Cabinet, promulgate:
ExplanationArticle 89 grants the President the power to promulgate Ordinances when the National Assembly is not in session, though such Ordinances have only a limited period of validity and must eventually be laid before Parliament.
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Question 120 of 120
Article 63 of the Constitution primarily deals with:
ExplanationArticle 63 sets out a detailed list of grounds on which a person is disqualified from being elected as, or from being, a member of Parliament, such as being of unsound mind, an undischarged insolvent, or convicted of certain offences.
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