1. Question 1 of 100

   Geothermal energy is obtained from

   A Heat inside the Earth B Tides C Wind D Sunlight
2. Question 2 of 100

   The Shockley-Queisser limit for a single-junction silicon solar cell is about

   A 10 per cent B 33 per cent C 60 per cent D 90 per cent
3. Question 3 of 100

   Net metering allows a consumer to

   A Buy cheaper coal B Store gas C Reduce voltage D Sell surplus solar electricity to the grid
4. Question 4 of 100

   The theoretical maximum fraction of wind power a turbine can capture (Betz limit) is about

   A 59.3 per cent B 100 per cent C 80 per cent D 25 per cent
5. Question 5 of 100

   Energy conservation means

   A Producing more energy B Burning more fuel C Using energy efficiently and avoiding waste D Storing coal
6. Question 6 of 100

   In a nuclear reactor, a moderator is used to

   A Slow down neutrons B Speed up neutrons C Absorb gamma rays only D Cool the fuel only
7. Question 7 of 100

   OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) uses

   A Wave height only B The temperature difference between warm and cold ocean water C Tidal range only D Wind
8. Question 8 of 100

   Perovskite solar cells are promising because they

   A Use no light B Are made of plastic only C Work only at night D Offer high efficiency with low-cost fabrication
9. Question 9 of 100

   The law of conservation of energy states that energy

   A Can be created B Can be converted but neither created nor destroyed C Can be destroyed D Always increases
10. Question 10 of 100

    A run-of-river hydropower plant

    A Needs a huge reservoir B Uses tides C Burns coal D Uses river flow with little or no storage
11. Question 11 of 100

    Fossil fuels supply roughly what share of world primary energy?

    A About 20 per cent B About 80 per cent C About 50 per cent D About 5 per cent
12. Question 12 of 100

    Which of the following is a renewable fuel obtained from plants?

    A Coal B Ethanol C Petrol D Kerosene
13. Question 13 of 100

    A solar water heater commonly works through

    A Nuclear heat B Steam turbine C Thermosiphon circulation of heated water D Electric arc
14. Question 14 of 100

    Biodiesel is produced from

    A Natural gas B Coal C Water D Vegetable oils or animal fats
15. Question 15 of 100

    Green hydrogen is produced by

    A Electrolysis of water using renewable electricity B Steam reforming of natural gas C Burning coal D Cracking petrol
16. Question 16 of 100

    Charcoal is obtained by heating wood

    A In excess air B In limited supply of air C In water D In vacuum only
17. Question 17 of 100

    The main component of natural gas is

    A Propane B Ethanol C Methane D Hydrogen
18. Question 18 of 100

    The capacity factor of a power plant is the

    A Ratio of cost to output B Ratio of fuel to output C Number of workers per MW D Ratio of actual output to maximum possible output
19. Question 19 of 100

    Intermittency of solar and wind power can be reduced by

    A Burning more coal B Closing the grid C Energy storage such as batteries and pumped hydro D Using diesel only
20. Question 20 of 100

    Which of the following is a clean source of electricity?

    A Wind B Coal C Diesel D Wood
21. Question 21 of 100

    Ethanol as a biofuel is commonly obtained from

    A Crude oil B Coal C Uranium D Sugarcane molasses
22. Question 22 of 100

    The Sun produces energy by nuclear

    A Fission of uranium B Burning of coal C Chemical reaction D Fusion of hydrogen into helium
23. Question 23 of 100

    Tarbela Dam is built on the river

    A Jhelum B Indus C Chenab D Sutlej
24. Question 24 of 100

    CNG is considered cleaner than petrol because it

    A Is heavier B Is cheaper in all countries C Contains more sulphur D Produces fewer pollutants on burning
25. Question 25 of 100

    Anaerobic digestion of organic waste produces

    A Coal B Petrol C Uranium D Biogas
26. Question 26 of 100

    The 1986 nuclear accident at Chernobyl occurred in

    A Ukraine (then USSR) B Japan C USA D France
27. Question 27 of 100

    The Paris Agreement relies on countries submitting

    A Annual taxes B Oil quotas C Military treaties D Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
28. Question 28 of 100

    The heaviest residue left after distillation of crude oil is

    A Petrol B Kerosene C Bitumen D LPG
29. Question 29 of 100

    In a hydroelectric plant the energy sequence is

    A Electrical, mechanical, kinetic, potential B Potential, kinetic, mechanical, electrical C Heat, light, sound, electrical D Chemical, heat, potential, kinetic
30. Question 30 of 100

    Nuclear power plants use energy released by the

    A Burning of coal B Photosynthesis C Evaporation D Fission of uranium
31. Question 31 of 100

    Wave energy converters work by capturing

    A Heat of the ocean floor B Tidal bulges only C Motion of ocean surface waves D Wind aloft
32. Question 32 of 100

    Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) extract heat from

    A Hot dry rock by injecting water B Oil wells only C Solar ponds D Tidal pools
33. Question 33 of 100

    Which of the following is a renewable energy source?

    A Coal B Natural gas C Petroleum D Solar energy
34. Question 34 of 100

    Diamer-Bhasha Dam is being built on the Indus in

    A Gilgit-Baltistan B Sindh C Punjab D Balochistan
35. Question 35 of 100

    Biogas is mainly composed of

    A Hydrogen and oxygen B Nitrogen only C Propane only D Methane and carbon dioxide
36. Question 36 of 100

    The net-zero emissions target means

    A Balancing greenhouse gas emissions with removals B Zero energy use C Stopping all industry D Banning electricity
37. Question 37 of 100

    The most common type of hydrogen fuel cell used in vehicles is the

    A Alkaline battery B Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell C Lead-acid cell D Dry cell
38. Question 38 of 100

    The capacity of large power plants is usually expressed in

    A Millivolts B Kilograms C Newtons D Megawatts
39. Question 39 of 100

    Tarbela Dam is notable as one of the world's largest

    A Arch dams B Glass dams C Earth- and rock-fill dams D Concrete gravity dams
40. Question 40 of 100

    KANUPP, Pakistan's first nuclear power plant, used a

    A CANDU heavy water reactor B Boiling water reactor C Breeder reactor D Fusion reactor
41. Question 41 of 100

    Fuel for most nuclear power reactors is uranium enriched in U-235 to about

    A 0.1 per cent B 3 to 5 per cent C 50 per cent D 90 per cent
42. Question 42 of 100

    A major environmental issue of large dams is

    A Increase in ozone B Displacement of people and sedimentation C Lower rainfall everywhere D Reduction in CO2 only
43. Question 43 of 100

    Fossil fuels are formed from

    A Volcanic ash B Sea salt C Rock weathering D Remains of ancient plants and animals under heat and pressure
44. Question 44 of 100

    The Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park is located near

    A Karachi B Quetta C Bahawalpur D Peshawar
45. Question 45 of 100

    A wind turbine converts

    A Heat into sound B Kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy C Light into heat D Chemical energy into light
46. Question 46 of 100

    The Sui gas field, discovered in 1952, is located in

    A Sindh B Balochistan C Punjab D Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
47. Question 47 of 100

    The La Rance plant in France, opened in 1966, is a

    A Tidal barrage power station B Wind farm C Solar park D Nuclear plant
48. Question 48 of 100

    Hydroelectric power is generated from

    A Burning coal B Flowing or falling water C Splitting atoms D Sunlight
49. Question 49 of 100

    Chashma Nuclear Power Complex is located in

    A Karachi B Mianwali district, Punjab C Hyderabad D Quetta
50. Question 50 of 100

    The correct order of coal rank from lowest to highest carbon content is

    A Peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite B Anthracite, bituminous, lignite, peat C Lignite, peat, anthracite, bituminous D Bituminous, peat, lignite, anthracite
51. Question 51 of 100

    Mangla Dam is built on the river

    A Indus B Jhelum C Ravi D Chenab
52. Question 52 of 100

    The efficiency of a typical coal-fired thermal power plant is about

    A 80 to 90 per cent B 5 to 10 per cent C 95 per cent D 30 to 40 per cent
53. Question 53 of 100

    A dam is built across a river mainly to

    A Increase flood B Reduce rain C Store water for irrigation and power generation D Cool the climate
54. Question 54 of 100

    The Jhimpir and Gharo-Keti Bandar wind corridor is in

    A Punjab B Khyber Pakhtunkhwa C Gilgit-Baltistan D Sindh
55. Question 55 of 100

    Fast breeder reactors produce plutonium-239 from

    A Thorium-232 only B Carbon-14 C Radium-226 D Uranium-238
56. Question 56 of 100

    Offshore wind farms are preferred because

    A Winds are weaker B Land is costly only C They need no cables D Winds are stronger and steadier at sea
57. Question 57 of 100

    ITER, the large fusion experiment under construction, is based in

    A USA B Japan C China D France
58. Question 58 of 100

    The Neelum-Jhelum hydropower project (969 MW) is located in

    A Azad Jammu and Kashmir B Sindh C Balochistan D Gilgit-Baltistan
59. Question 59 of 100

    Among the common fuels, the highest calorific value per kilogram belongs to

    A Coal B Petrol C Wood D Hydrogen
60. Question 60 of 100

    The power available in wind is proportional to the

    A Wind speed B Square of wind speed C Square root of wind speed D Cube of wind speed
61. Question 61 of 100

    Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity through the

    A Piezoelectric effect B Photovoltaic effect C Thermoelectric effect only D Greenhouse effect
62. Question 62 of 100

    Most solar cells are made of

    A Silicon B Copper C Iron D Aluminium oxide
63. Question 63 of 100

    Burning hydrogen produces mainly

    A Carbon dioxide B Sulphur dioxide C Water D Smoke
64. Question 64 of 100

    The theoretical maximum efficiency of a heat engine is given by

    A Ohm's law B Bernoulli equation C Carnot efficiency (1 - Tc/Th) D Boyle's law
65. Question 65 of 100

    The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) has its headquarters in

    A Geneva B Abu Dhabi C New York D Vienna
66. Question 66 of 100

    Control rods in a nuclear reactor are made of

    A Boron or cadmium B Copper C Lead only D Iron
67. Question 67 of 100

    Which of the following is a non-renewable energy source?

    A Petroleum B Solar energy C Wind energy D Tidal energy
68. Question 68 of 100

    A solar cooker works by

    A Burning wood B Using gas C Concentrating sunlight with reflectors D Using electricity only
69. Question 69 of 100

    A smart grid

    A Is a type of solar panel B Burns coal efficiently C Is a nuclear reactor D Uses digital technology to manage electricity supply and demand
70. Question 70 of 100

    The primary source of energy for the Earth is the

    A Moon B Wind C Volcanoes D Sun
71. Question 71 of 100

    Typical commercial silicon solar panels have an efficiency of about

    A 80 to 90 per cent B 1 to 2 per cent C 15 to 22 per cent D 50 to 60 per cent
72. Question 72 of 100

    Which type of bulb saves the most electricity?

    A Incandescent bulb B Candle C LED bulb D Kerosene lamp
73. Question 73 of 100

    The solar constant at the top of the Earth's atmosphere is about

    A 136 W per square metre B 1,361 W per square metre C 13,610 W per square metre D 1 W per square metre
74. Question 74 of 100

    Which country is the world leader in geothermal use per capita?

    A Iceland B Brazil C Canada D Australia
75. Question 75 of 100

    Thar coal is mostly

    A Anthracite B Bituminous C Lignite D Peat
76. Question 76 of 100

    Pumped storage hydropower is used to

    A Generate nuclear power B Store energy by pumping water to a higher reservoir C Purify water D Cool turbines
77. Question 77 of 100

    Warsak Dam is built on the river

    A Swat B Kabul C Indus D Jhelum
78. Question 78 of 100

    Thar coal, a major energy resource of Pakistan, is located in

    A Punjab B Sindh C Balochistan D Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
79. Question 79 of 100

    Biodiesel production by reacting oil with methanol is called

    A Saponification only B Transesterification C Fermentation D Cracking
80. Question 80 of 100

    The octane number is a measure of the quality of

    A Diesel B Petrol C Kerosene D LPG
81. Question 81 of 100

    The calorific value of a fuel is the

    A Mass of one litre B Time to burn C Heat produced by burning unit mass of fuel D Temperature of flame
82. Question 82 of 100

    Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?

    A Coal B Oil C Uranium D Natural gas
83. Question 83 of 100

    The International Solar Alliance was launched by India and

    A Germany B China C Saudi Arabia D France
84. Question 84 of 100

    A combined cycle power plant has higher efficiency because it uses

    A Both gas and steam turbines B Only steam C Only diesel D Only solar
85. Question 85 of 100

    The largest hydropower station in the world by installed capacity is the

    A Three Gorges Dam in China B Tarbela Dam C Aswan Dam D Hoover Dam
86. Question 86 of 100

    A 100 W bulb used for 10 hours consumes

    A 10 kWh B 0.1 kWh C 1 kWh D 100 kWh
87. Question 87 of 100

    Electrical energy for domestic use is commercially measured in

    A Kilowatt-hours B Kilowatts C Joules per second D Volts
88. Question 88 of 100

    Concentrated solar power (CSP) uses

    A Silicon cells only B Wind turbines C Mirrors to focus sunlight and produce heat for steam D Biogas digesters
89. Question 89 of 100

    The levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) represents

    A Average cost per unit of electricity over a plant's lifetime B Daily fuel price C Cost of the grid only D Cost of land only
90. Question 90 of 100

    Petrol and diesel are obtained from crude oil by

    A Electrolysis B Fractional distillation C Filtration D Fermentation
91. Question 91 of 100

    The best quality and hardest variety of coal is

    A Anthracite B Peat C Lignite D Bituminous
92. Question 92 of 100

    Carbon capture and storage (CCS) aims to

    A Produce more CO2 B Burn coal faster C Trap CO2 from power plants and store it underground D Increase ozone
93. Question 93 of 100

    Coal, petroleum and natural gas are

    A Renewable fuels B Nuclear fuels C Fossil fuels D Biofuels
94. Question 94 of 100

    The 'energy payback time' of a solar panel is the time it takes to

    A Repay its cost B Charge a battery C Generate the energy used to manufacture it D Cool down
95. Question 95 of 100

    Appliances with a higher star rating are

    A Less efficient B Always cheaper C More energy efficient D Heavier
96. Question 96 of 100

    The band gap of crystalline silicon is about

    A 0.1 eV B 5 eV C 1.1 eV D 10 eV
97. Question 97 of 100

    Tidal energy is mainly due to the gravitational pull of the

    A Earth's core B Wind C Moon (and Sun) D Mars
98. Question 98 of 100

    The main greenhouse gas released by burning fossil fuels is

    A Carbon dioxide B Oxygen C Argon D Helium
99. Question 99 of 100

    Biogas (gobar gas) is produced from

    A Cow dung and organic waste B Coal C Crude oil D Uranium
100. Question 100 of 100

     Which gas is the main fuel burned in Pakistan's LNG power plants?

     A Natural gas (methane) B Hydrogen C Propane only D Butane only

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