1. Question 1 of 100

   The change of a solid directly into a gas without becoming liquid is called

   A sublimation B condensation C melting D evaporation
2. Question 2 of 100

   Gaps are left between railway tracks to allow for

   A contraction of air B cooling C rusting D thermal expansion
3. Question 3 of 100

   Latent heat is the heat

   A that raises temperature only B absorbed or released during a change of state without a change in temperature C lost by radiation only D stored in gases only
4. Question 4 of 100

   In an isochoric (constant volume) process, the work done by the gas is

   A maximum B zero C equal to Q D negative infinite
5. Question 5 of 100

   When ice melts, it changes from

   A solid to liquid B liquid to gas C gas to liquid D solid to gas
6. Question 6 of 100

   The dew point is the temperature at which

   A water freezes B air becomes saturated with water vapour C water boils D air has zero humidity
7. Question 7 of 100

   The specific heat capacity of a substance is the heat required to raise the temperature of

   A 1 g of water by 10 °C B 1 kg of the substance by 1 K C any amount by 1 °C D 1 kg of the substance to its boiling point
8. Question 8 of 100

   Mercury is used in thermometers because it

   A is transparent B freezes at 0 °C C is a poor conductor D expands uniformly and is opaque and shiny
9. Question 9 of 100

   The efficiency of a Carnot engine can never be 100% because

   A friction is always present B work cannot be done C heat cannot flow D the cold reservoir cannot be at absolute zero
10. Question 10 of 100

    The ratio γ = Cₚ/Cᵥ for a monatomic ideal gas is

    A 5/3 B 7/5 C 4/3 D 1
11. Question 11 of 100

    Boiling occurs

    A at all temperatures B only at 0 °C C only in the dark D at a fixed temperature called the boiling point
12. Question 12 of 100

    The area enclosed by a closed loop (cycle) on a P–V diagram represents

    A the heat rejected only B the change in entropy C the change in internal energy per cycle D the net work done per cycle
13. Question 13 of 100

    The first law of thermodynamics states that

    A energy is conserved: ΔU = Q − W B heat flows from cold to hot C entropy is zero D temperature is constant
14. Question 14 of 100

    The second law of thermodynamics states that heat cannot flow spontaneously from

    A a hotter body to a colder body B a solid to a liquid C a colder body to a hotter body D water to ice
15. Question 15 of 100

    A heat engine

    A converts work into cold B converts heat energy into mechanical work C creates energy D stores cold
16. Question 16 of 100

    The total entropy of the universe in any spontaneous process

    A decreases B increases C remains zero D oscillates
17. Question 17 of 100

    In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, the change in internal energy is

    A equal to Q B equal to W only C infinite D zero
18. Question 18 of 100

    In a bimetallic strip heated uniformly, the strip bends so that the metal with the higher coefficient of expansion is

    A on the inner (concave) side B at the centre C on the outer (convex) side D unaffected
19. Question 19 of 100

    A metal spoon in hot tea becomes hot due to

    A convection B conduction C radiation D evaporation
20. Question 20 of 100

    Which of the following is the main source of heat on Earth?

    A The Moon B Stars C The Sun D Volcanoes
21. Question 21 of 100

    The latent heat of fusion of ice is about

    A 3.36 × 10⁵ J/kg B 2.26 × 10⁶ J/kg C 4,200 J/kg D 100 J/kg
22. Question 22 of 100

    A thermometer is used to measure

    A heat B temperature C pressure D speed
23. Question 23 of 100

    A perfect black body is a

    A perfect reflector B perfect insulator C perfect absorber and the best emitter of radiation D poor emitter
24. Question 24 of 100

    A refrigerator removes 400 J of heat from the cold space using 100 J of work. Its coefficient of performance is

    A 0.25 B 5 C 4 D 0.8
25. Question 25 of 100

    The sea breeze in coastal areas blows from the

    A land to the sea during the day B sea to the land during the day C sea to the land at night D land to the sea always
26. Question 26 of 100

    Mayer's relation for an ideal gas is

    A Cₚ − Cᵥ = R B Cₚ + Cᵥ = R C Cₚ/Cᵥ = R D Cₚ × Cᵥ = R
27. Question 27 of 100

    Water is unusual because it has its maximum density at

    A 4 °C B 0 °C C 100 °C D −4 °C
28. Question 28 of 100

    Boyle's law states that at constant temperature the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is

    A inversely proportional to its volume B directly proportional to its volume C independent of its volume D proportional to its mass only
29. Question 29 of 100

    Heat is a form of

    A energy B force C mass D matter
30. Question 30 of 100

    The zeroth law of thermodynamics is the basis for the concept of

    A entropy B pressure C temperature D energy
31. Question 31 of 100

    The normal temperature of the human body is about

    A 27 °C B 47 °C C 57 °C D 37 °C
32. Question 32 of 100

    The thermometer used to measure human body temperature is the

    A laboratory thermometer B clinical thermometer C barometer D hygrometer
33. Question 33 of 100

    A temperature of 100 °C in Fahrenheit is

    A 100 °F B 212 °F C 180 °F D 373 °F
34. Question 34 of 100

    The heat required to raise the temperature of 2 kg of water by 10 °C (c = 4,200 J/kg·K) is

    A 84,000 J B 8,400 J C 42,000 J D 840 J
35. Question 35 of 100

    For a monatomic ideal gas, the molar specific heat at constant volume (Cᵥ) is

    A 5R/2 B R C 3R/2 D 7R/2
36. Question 36 of 100

    Which of the following is NOT a method of heat transfer?

    A Conduction B Convection C Sublimation D Radiation
37. Question 37 of 100

    A gas at 2 atm and 4 L expands isothermally to 8 L. The new pressure is

    A 4 atm B 0.5 atm C 1 atm D 2 atm
38. Question 38 of 100

    In an adiabatic process,

    A no heat is exchanged with the surroundings (Q = 0) B temperature is constant C pressure is constant D volume is constant
39. Question 39 of 100

    The heat required to melt 2 kg of ice at 0 °C (L = 3.36 × 10⁵ J/kg) is

    A 3.36 × 10⁵ J B 6.72 × 10⁵ J C 1.68 × 10⁵ J D 6.72 × 10³ J
40. Question 40 of 100

    Metals are good conductors of heat because they have

    A no atoms B large gaps C free electrons D low density
41. Question 41 of 100

    According to the pressure law, at constant volume the pressure of a gas is proportional to its

    A absolute temperature B volume C Celsius temperature only D mass
42. Question 42 of 100

    A refrigerator works by

    A creating cold from nothing B removing heat without work C absorbing electricity only D removing heat from a cold space and releasing it to the warm surroundings using work
43. Question 43 of 100

    The root mean square speed of gas molecules is proportional to

    A T/M B T² C M/T D √(T/M)
44. Question 44 of 100

    A gas expands at constant pressure of 1 × 10⁵ Pa by 0.02 m³. The work done is

    A 200 J B 20 J C 2,000 J D 5 × 10⁶ J
45. Question 45 of 100

    A thermos flask keeps liquids hot for long because it

    A produces heat B minimises conduction, convection and radiation C absorbs cold D is made of lead
46. Question 46 of 100

    The SI unit of temperature is

    A joule (J) B watt (W) C kelvin (K) D calorie (cal)
47. Question 47 of 100

    The heat needed to convert 1 kg of ice at 0 °C to water at 20 °C (L = 3.36 × 10⁵ J/kg; c = 4,200 J/kg·K) is

    A 3.36 × 10⁵ J B 4.2 × 10⁵ J C 8.4 × 10⁴ J D 5.0 × 10⁵ J
48. Question 48 of 100

    On the Fahrenheit scale, water boils at

    A 100 °F B 180 °F C 212 °F D 373 °F
49. Question 49 of 100

    The change of a gas into a liquid is called

    A evaporation B condensation C melting D sublimation
50. Question 50 of 100

    Convection currents are used in

    A boiling of water in a pan B heating of iron rods C heating of metal rods D solar panels in vacuum
51. Question 51 of 100

    The temperature at which Celsius and Fahrenheit readings are equal is

    A 0 B −40 C 32 D 100
52. Question 52 of 100

    Absolute zero is

    A 0 °C B −100 °C C −373 °C D 0 K (−273.15 °C)
53. Question 53 of 100

    Solids generally

    A contract on heating B do not change on heating C turn into gas on heating D expand on heating
54. Question 54 of 100

    The triple point of water is at about

    A 273.15 K and 1 atm B 373 K and 1 atm C 273.16 K and 611.7 Pa D 0 K and 0 Pa
55. Question 55 of 100

    Heat always flows from

    A a cold body to a hot body B a small body to a large body only C a hot body to a cold body D a light body to a heavy body
56. Question 56 of 100

    While a substance changes its state, its temperature

    A rises continuously B falls continuously C becomes zero D remains constant
57. Question 57 of 100

    6 L of gas at 300 K is heated at constant pressure to 450 K. The new volume is

    A 4 L B 9 L C 6 L D 12 L
58. Question 58 of 100

    Charles's law states that at constant pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its

    A absolute temperature B Celsius temperature C mass only D density
59. Question 59 of 100

    A gas absorbs 500 J of heat and does 200 J of work. The change in internal energy is

    A 700 J B 200 J C −300 J D 300 J
60. Question 60 of 100

    Water boils at ______ at normal atmospheric pressure.

    A 0 °C B 100 °C C 50 °C D 212 °C
61. Question 61 of 100

    Pure water freezes at

    A 100 °C B −10 °C C 32 °C D 0 °C
62. Question 62 of 100

    Temperature is a measure of

    A total heat content B mass of the body C potential energy only D the average kinetic energy of molecules
63. Question 63 of 100

    If the absolute temperature of a gas is made four times, the rms speed of its molecules becomes

    A 2 times B 4 times C 16 times D 1/2
64. Question 64 of 100

    The change in length of a rod on heating is given by

    A ΔL = αΔT/L B ΔL = L/αΔT C ΔL = α/LΔT D ΔL = αLΔT
65. Question 65 of 100

    Water has a high specific heat capacity, so it

    A heats up quickly B boils at 0 °C C heats up and cools down slowly D has no heat
66. Question 66 of 100

    The inner walls of a vacuum flask are silvered to reduce heat loss by

    A conduction only B convection only C radiation D evaporation only
67. Question 67 of 100

    Which of the following is a good conductor of heat?

    A Wood B Plastic C Copper D Rubber
68. Question 68 of 100

    Joule's mechanical equivalent of heat is approximately

    A 1 J per calorie B 418 J per calorie C 0.24 J per calorie D 4.18 J per calorie
69. Question 69 of 100

    Transfer of heat through solids without movement of the material is called

    A convection B radiation C evaporation D conduction
70. Question 70 of 100

    A gas is compressed rapidly and its temperature rises because

    A work is done on the gas, increasing its internal energy B heat is lost C its mass increases D its volume increases
71. Question 71 of 100

    The ideal gas equation is

    A P = nRTV B PV = nRT C PV = RT/n D P/V = nRT
72. Question 72 of 100

    200 g of water at 80 °C is mixed with 300 g of water at 20 °C. The final temperature is

    A 50 °C B 56 °C C 40 °C D 44 °C
73. Question 73 of 100

    According to Newton's law of cooling, the rate of loss of heat of a body is proportional to

    A the mass of the surroundings B the colour of the body only C the temperature difference between the body and its surroundings D the square of the volume
74. Question 74 of 100

    Evaporation of a liquid causes

    A cooling B heating C no change D freezing of surroundings only
75. Question 75 of 100

    A cup of hot tea cools down on standing because heat is lost to

    A the table only B the cup only C nowhere D the surroundings
76. Question 76 of 100

    A Carnot engine operates between 600 K and 300 K. Its efficiency is

    A 25% B 50% C 75% D 100%
77. Question 77 of 100

    Transfer of heat in liquids and gases by movement of the fluid is called

    A conduction B convection C radiation D sublimation
78. Question 78 of 100

    Woollen clothes keep us warm because they

    A produce heat B absorb cold C trap air, which is a poor conductor of heat D reflect sound
79. Question 79 of 100

    Heat from the Sun reaches the Earth by

    A radiation B conduction C convection D evaporation
80. Question 80 of 100

    The Kelvin–Planck statement of the second law says that

    A no heat engine working in a cycle can convert all the heat absorbed completely into work B all heat can be converted into work C heat can flow cold to hot spontaneously D entropy decreases in nature
81. Question 81 of 100

    Real gases deviate most from ideal gas behaviour at

    A low pressure and high temperature B low pressure and low temperature C high temperature only D high pressure and low temperature
82. Question 82 of 100

    The entropy change when 600 J of heat is absorbed reversibly at 300 K is

    A 0.5 J/K B 2 J/K C 180,000 J/K D 300 J/K
83. Question 83 of 100

    A temperature of 27 °C in kelvin is

    A 300 K B 246 K C 27 K D 327 K
84. Question 84 of 100

    Steam at 100 °C causes a more severe burn than boiling water at 100 °C because steam

    A is hotter than water B is heavier C is a better conductor D releases additional latent heat when it condenses
85. Question 85 of 100

    The third law of thermodynamics states that

    A entropy is always increasing B heat flows hot to cold C the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero at absolute zero D energy cannot be created
86. Question 86 of 100

    A bimetallic strip is used in

    A thermostats B barometers C thermometers for fever D telescopes
87. Question 87 of 100

    Land heats faster than the sea in the daytime because land has

    A a lower specific heat capacity than water B a higher specific heat capacity C no heat D more water
88. Question 88 of 100

    According to the kinetic theory, gas pressure is caused by

    A gravity pulling molecules B chemical reactions C collisions of gas molecules with the walls of the container D molecules sticking together
89. Question 89 of 100

    The principle of calorimetry states that

    A heat lost by hot bodies equals heat gained by cold bodies B heat is always lost C heat gained is more than lost D temperature is conserved
90. Question 90 of 100

    Entropy is a measure of the

    A disorder (randomness) of a system B mass of a system C speed of molecules only D volume of gas only
91. Question 91 of 100

    The latent heat of vaporisation of water is about

    A 3.36 × 10⁵ J/kg B 4.2 × 10³ J/kg C 2.26 × 10⁶ J/kg D 100 J/kg
92. Question 92 of 100

    The SI unit of heat is

    A kelvin (K) B watt (W) C pascal (Pa) D joule (J)
93. Question 93 of 100

    The rate of heat conduction through a slab is given by

    A Q/t = kAΔT/L B Q/t = kLΔT/A C Q/t = AΔT/kL D Q/t = kA/LΔT
94. Question 94 of 100

    Wien's displacement law states that the wavelength of maximum emission of a black body

    A is directly proportional to temperature B is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature C is independent of temperature D is equal to temperature
95. Question 95 of 100

    A rod of length 2 m and α = 12 × 10⁻⁶ per °C is heated by 50 °C. Its increase in length is

    A 12 mm B 1.2 mm C 0.12 mm D 2.4 mm
96. Question 96 of 100

    Which of the following is a poor conductor (insulator) of heat?

    A Iron B Aluminium C Wood D Silver
97. Question 97 of 100

    In a pressure cooker, food cooks faster because

    A pressure lowers the boiling point B higher pressure raises the boiling point of water C it uses less water D it has thinner walls
98. Question 98 of 100

    Dark-coloured surfaces

    A reflect more heat B absorb no heat C emit no heat D absorb more heat than light-coloured surfaces
99. Question 99 of 100

    The average translational kinetic energy of a gas molecule is

    A kT² B (1/2)k/T C 3kT² D (3/2)kT
100. Question 100 of 100

     According to the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the power radiated by a black body is proportional to

     A T B T² C T⁴ D 1/T

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