International Disputes Global Issues Competitive Exams
100 questions · General Knowledge
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Question 1 of 100
The Doha Agreement of 29 February 2020 was between the
ExplanationIt set the path for US troop withdrawal.
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Question 2 of 100
The Kurds, the largest stateless ethnic group, are mainly spread across
ExplanationThey number about 30 to 40 million.
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Question 3 of 100
The capital of Azad Jammu and Kashmir is
ExplanationGilgit is the capital of Gilgit-Baltistan.
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Question 4 of 100
India revoked Article 370 of its constitution, ending J&K's special status, on
ExplanationThe J&K Reorganisation Act 2019 created the Union Territories of J&K and Ladakh.
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Question 5 of 100
Under UNCLOS (1982), a coastal state's Exclusive Economic Zone extends up to
ExplanationThe territorial sea is 12 nm and the contiguous zone is 24 nm; the continental shelf may extend up to 350 nm.
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Question 6 of 100
The Kishanganga dispute, decided by a Court of Arbitration in 2013, concerns the diversion of the
ExplanationThe Court allowed diversion but required a minimum environmental flow downstream.
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Question 7 of 100
The October 2025 ceasefire between Pakistan and the Afghan Taliban was mediated by
ExplanationTalks were held in Doha and then Istanbul.
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Question 8 of 100
Lebanon's 1943 National Pact allocated the presidency to
ExplanationThe PM is Sunni and the Speaker is Shia.
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Question 9 of 100
The Taif Agreement (1989) ended
ExplanationIt was brokered with Saudi Arabia's help.
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Question 10 of 100
The Kargil conflict (1999) took place shortly after the Lahore Declaration, signed by
ExplanationThe Declaration was signed in February 1999.
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Question 11 of 100
Article 257 of Pakistan's Constitution provides that
ExplanationIt reflects Pakistan's principled position.
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Question 12 of 100
The Second Chechen War began in 1999 under
ExplanationMoscow restored control and installed pro-Kremlin leadership.
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Question 13 of 100
The 1991 Water Apportionment Accord in Pakistan was agreed among the
ExplanationIt allocated Indus system waters among the provinces and led to the creation of IRSA.
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Question 14 of 100
In 2012 the UN General Assembly (Resolution 67/19) granted Palestine the status of
ExplanationFull membership requires Security Council approval.
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Question 15 of 100
The Simla Agreement (1972) was signed by
ExplanationIt converted the ceasefire line into the Line of Control and stressed bilateral settlement.
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Question 16 of 100
The International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the UN, sits at
ExplanationIt settles legal disputes between states that consent to its jurisdiction and gives advisory opinions.
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Question 17 of 100
The 1968 Rann of Kutch Tribunal awarded Pakistan roughly
ExplanationPakistan had claimed about 9,100 sq km; the tribunal gave it around 900 sq km.
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Question 18 of 100
The First Chechen War (1994-96) ended with the
ExplanationRussian forces withdrew but the status question was postponed.
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Question 19 of 100
The Durand Line (1893), about 2,640 km long, was agreed between Sir Mortimer Durand and
ExplanationAfghanistan has never formally accepted it; Pakistan treats it as the international border.
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Question 20 of 100
UN Security Council Resolution 1701 (2006) ended the war between
ExplanationIt called for the disarmament of militias in Lebanon.
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Question 21 of 100
Pakistan claims that the boundary in Sir Creek follows
ExplanationIndia argues for the eastern bank on the basis of a 1925 map.
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Question 22 of 100
Siachen is often called
ExplanationPositions are at heights of up to about 6,700 m.
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Question 23 of 100
Iraqi Kurdistan's capital is Erbil, and its independence referendum was held in
ExplanationBaghdad rejected the result and retook Kirkuk.
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Question 24 of 100
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, declared in 1983, is recognised only by
ExplanationThe UN regards the declaration as legally invalid.
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Question 25 of 100
The Balfour Declaration (1917) supported
ExplanationIt was issued by British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour.
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Question 26 of 100
Soviet forces withdrew from Afghanistan in
ExplanationThe Geneva Accords (1988) preceded the withdrawal completed in February 1989.
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Question 27 of 100
The Palestinian exodus during the 1948 war is called the
ExplanationIsrael declared statehood on 14 May 1948.
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Question 28 of 100
The Paris Agreement (2015) aims to hold warming well below 2 degrees Celsius and pursue efforts to limit it to
ExplanationIt entered into force on 4 November 2016 and uses NDCs.
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Question 29 of 100
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is built on the
ExplanationEgypt and Sudan fear reduced downstream flows; Ethiopia formally inaugurated the dam in September 2025.
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Question 30 of 100
The main significance of Sir Creek lies in
ExplanationDelimitation affects the EEZ and seabed resources.
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Question 31 of 100
Pakistan launched the Illegal Foreigners' Repatriation Plan in
ExplanationIt targeted undocumented foreigners, mostly Afghans.
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Question 32 of 100
The five permanent members of the UN Security Council, each with veto power, are
ExplanationThe P5 hold permanent seats under the UN Charter, Article 23.
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Question 33 of 100
The guarantor powers under Cyprus's 1960 Treaty of Guarantee are
ExplanationCyprus became independent from Britain in 1960.
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Question 34 of 100
A Neutral Expert (Raymond Lafitte) gave a ruling in 2007 on India's
ExplanationThe expert largely upheld the Indian design with some modifications.
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Question 35 of 100
The Loss and Damage Fund was agreed at COP27 and operationalised at COP28 in
ExplanationCOP27 was held in Sharm el-Sheikh in 2022.
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Question 36 of 100
UN Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) called for
ExplanationIt forms the basis of the land-for-peace formula.
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Question 37 of 100
The Radcliffe Award of August 1947 dealt with
ExplanationSir Cyril Radcliffe chaired the boundary commissions; disputes over Gurdaspur and Ferozepur shaped later Kashmir tensions.
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Question 38 of 100
Nagorno-Karabakh, long disputed by Armenia and Azerbaijan, is internationally recognised as part of
ExplanationAzerbaijan took control in September 2023.
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Question 39 of 100
India announced that it was placing the Indus Waters Treaty 'in abeyance' on 23 April 2025, a day after the
ExplanationPakistan rejects the abeyance and says the treaty has no provision for unilateral suspension.
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Question 40 of 100
The Gaza war began after the Hamas attack of
ExplanationIsrael launched a massive military campaign in Gaza.
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Question 41 of 100
The Iranian enrichment site built deep inside a mountain near Qom, struck by the US in June 2025, is
ExplanationThe US strikes on Fordow, Natanz and Isfahan followed Israel's June 2025 campaign.
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Question 42 of 100
The Republic of China government relocated to Taiwan in
ExplanationFollowing the communist victory in the Chinese civil war.
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Question 43 of 100
The PKK, founded by Abdullah Ocalan, announced its dissolution in
ExplanationIt began symbolic disarmament in July 2025.
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Question 44 of 100
The Indus Waters Treaty was signed in 1960 at
ExplanationIt was signed on 19 September 1960 by Nehru and Ayub Khan, with the World Bank as a party for certain provisions.
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Question 45 of 100
In August 1947 the Maharaja's offer of a Standstill Agreement was accepted by
ExplanationPakistan accepted; India did not sign. Pakistan cites it in its case.
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Question 46 of 100
In September 2025, which of the following states formally recognised the State of Palestine?
ExplanationThe UK, Canada and Australia also recognised Palestine.
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Question 47 of 100
Which of the following was NOT captured by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War?
ExplanationIsrael's occupation of southern Lebanon began in 1982.
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Question 48 of 100
UN sanctions on Iran were reimposed in September 2025 through the
ExplanationThe E3 (France, Germany, UK) triggered it under Resolution 2231.
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Question 49 of 100
The civil war in Sudan that began in April 2023 is between the army and the
ExplanationIt has caused a major humanitarian crisis.
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Question 50 of 100
The Oslo Accords (1993) led to the creation of the
ExplanationRabin and Arafat signed in Washington on 13 September 1993.
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Question 51 of 100
Turkiye intervened militarily in Cyprus in July
ExplanationIt followed a Greek junta-backed coup in Cyprus.
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Question 52 of 100
Pakistan's official policy is that it will not recognise Israel until
ExplanationPakistan recognised Palestine in 1988 and supports a two-state solution.
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Question 53 of 100
The 1982 Falklands War was fought between
ExplanationArgentina calls the islands the Malvinas.
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Question 54 of 100
The Taliban returned to power in Kabul on
ExplanationPresident Ashraf Ghani fled as the Afghan government collapsed.
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Question 55 of 100
In April 2026, Pakistan and Afghanistan held talks to end their conflict in the Chinese city of
ExplanationChina mediated; talks focused on a ceasefire and reopening border crossings.
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Question 56 of 100
Rohingya refugees fled the Rakhine state of Myanmar mainly to
ExplanationThe 2017 exodus led to the Gambia's ICJ genocide case in 2019.
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Question 57 of 100
India launched Operation Meghdoot on Siachen in
ExplanationIndian troops occupied key ridges; Pakistan responded and the stand-off has lasted decades.
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Question 58 of 100
Routine matters under the Indus Waters Treaty are handled by the
ExplanationIRSA is a domestic Pakistani body; the Commission has one commissioner from each country.
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Question 59 of 100
The October 2025 Gaza ceasefire was based on a plan with how many points?
ExplanationThe ceasefire took effect on 10 October 2025 and the Security Council endorsed the plan in November 2025.
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Question 60 of 100
Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine on
ExplanationRussia had annexed Crimea in 2014.
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Question 61 of 100
UNMOGIP, set up in 1949, is the UN mission that
ExplanationIndia disputes its relevance after the Simla Agreement.
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Question 62 of 100
The Korean War ended in 1953 with an armistice and not a
ExplanationThe two Koreas are technically still at war; the DMZ lies near the 38th parallel.
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Question 63 of 100
Operation Enduring Freedom, launched in October 2001, targeted
ExplanationIt followed the 9/11 attacks.
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Question 64 of 100
Operation Gibraltar (1965) was a Pakistani plan to
ExplanationIt led to the 1965 war.
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Question 65 of 100
UN General Assembly Resolution 181 (29 November 1947) proposed
ExplanationJerusalem was to be an international city; Arab states rejected the plan.
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Question 66 of 100
The JCPOA (2015) was concluded between Iran and the
ExplanationIt was signed in Vienna on 14 July 2015 and endorsed by UNSC Resolution 2231.
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Question 67 of 100
The 2020 Galwan Valley clash occurred along the border between
ExplanationIt took place in Ladakh along the Line of Actual Control.
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Question 68 of 100
The Doha Amendment (2012) extended Kyoto to the period
ExplanationIt was the second commitment period.
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Question 69 of 100
The UN Security Council extended UNIFIL's mandate for a final time until
ExplanationUNIFIL was established in 1978; its withdrawal starts after the final mandate ends.
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Question 70 of 100
On 31 August 2026 the Court of Arbitration at The Hague ruled that the Indus Waters Treaty
ExplanationIt also imposed interim measures on the Ratle project on the Chenab; India rejects the Court's jurisdiction.
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Question 71 of 100
Which of the following is a Kyoto flexible mechanism?
ExplanationOthers are Emissions Trading and Joint Implementation.
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Question 72 of 100
In 2022, Pakistan played a prominent role in climate diplomacy as chair of the
ExplanationIt pushed for the loss and damage fund after the devastating 2022 floods.
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Question 73 of 100
UN Security Council Resolution 47 (1948) called for
ExplanationUNCIP resolutions of 13 August 1948 and 5 January 1949 reaffirmed a UN-supervised plebiscite.
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Question 74 of 100
In 2002 the existence of an undeclared Iranian enrichment plant at which site was revealed?
ExplanationNatanz and the Arak heavy water plant were exposed, triggering IAEA scrutiny.
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Question 75 of 100
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 and entered into force in
ExplanationIt entered into force on 16 February 2005 after Russia's ratification.
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Question 76 of 100
The UN-patrolled buffer zone dividing Cyprus is called the
ExplanationUNFICYP has been present since 1964.
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Question 77 of 100
Under the Indus Waters Treaty, the Eastern Rivers allocated to India are
ExplanationPakistan received the Western Rivers: Indus, Jhelum and Chenab; India may use them for limited non-consumptive purposes.
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Question 78 of 100
The Polisario Front fights for the independence of
ExplanationMorocco controls most of the territory; the UN mission is MINURSO.
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Question 79 of 100
Chechnya, a republic of Russia in the North Caucasus, has its capital at
ExplanationIt is a predominantly Muslim region.
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Question 80 of 100
The UNFCCC, the parent treaty of Kyoto and Paris, was adopted at the
ExplanationIt entered into force in 1994.
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Question 81 of 100
In 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruled in a South China Sea case brought by the
ExplanationIt found China's nine-dash line had no legal basis; China rejected the ruling.
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Question 82 of 100
Under Kyoto, developed countries (Annex I) agreed to cut emissions on average by about
ExplanationBinding targets applied only to industrialised countries.
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Question 83 of 100
India's military strikes on Pakistan in May 2025 following the Pahalgam attack were codenamed
ExplanationA ceasefire followed on 10 May 2025.
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Question 84 of 100
The Tashkent Declaration (January 1966), ending the 1965 war, was mediated by the
ExplanationSoviet Premier Kosygin mediated between Ayub Khan and Lal Bahadur Shastri; Shastri died in Tashkent soon after.
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Question 85 of 100
The United States withdrew from the JCPOA in
ExplanationPresident Trump announced the withdrawal and reimposed sanctions.
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Question 86 of 100
Siachen Glacier is located in the
ExplanationIt is about 76 km long, among the longest glaciers outside the polar regions.
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Question 87 of 100
The Treaty of Sevres (1920) promised autonomy to Kurds but was replaced by the
ExplanationLausanne made no provision for a Kurdish state.
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Question 88 of 100
The June 2026 memorandum of understanding between the US and Iran, including down-blending of enriched stockpile, is named after
ExplanationPakistan hosted the talks; the UN has referred to it as the Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding.
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Question 89 of 100
The Line of Control is demarcated up to the point
ExplanationThe 1949 Karachi Agreement left the line beyond NJ9842 vaguely defined, causing the dispute.
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Question 90 of 100
Chechnya declared independence in 1991 under
ExplanationRussia refused to recognise it.
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Question 91 of 100
Sir Creek is a tidal estuary in the Rann of Kutch between
ExplanationThe creek is about 96 km long.
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Question 92 of 100
The country that signed but never ratified the Kyoto Protocol is the
ExplanationCanada withdrew in 2011.
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Question 93 of 100
COP31 in November 2026 is hosted in Antalya by
ExplanationCOP30 was held in Belem, Brazil, in November 2025.
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Question 94 of 100
Pakistan became a member of the United Nations on
ExplanationPakistan was admitted by the UN General Assembly on 30 September 1947; the UN itself was founded on 24 October 1945.
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Question 95 of 100
The ceasefire line in Kashmir was demarcated by the
ExplanationThe ceasefire took effect on 1 January 1949; the Karachi Agreement of 27 July 1949 fixed the line.
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Question 96 of 100
The April 2012 avalanche at Gayari in the Siachen sector buried
Explanation129 soldiers and 11 civilians died.
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Question 97 of 100
Iran ratified the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in
ExplanationIt signed in 1968 and ratified in 1970.
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Question 98 of 100
In the 2004 referendum on the Annan Plan, the Greek Cypriots
ExplanationCyprus joined the EU on 1 May 2004 without the north.
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Question 99 of 100
At partition, the ruler of Jammu and Kashmir was
ExplanationA Dogra ruler governing a Muslim-majority state.
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Question 100 of 100
Pakistan observes Kashmir Solidarity Day on
Explanation5 August is observed as Youm-e-Istehsal.
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