International Law | Law GAT MCQs Mega Test

1. Question 1 of 200

   Anticipatory self-defence, as a contested doctrine, allows a state to act against what kind of threat?

   A A purely hypothetical future threat B An imminent armed attack C A past resolved dispute D An economic boycott
2. Question 2 of 200

   The legal principle by which a state's official acts cannot be questioned in another state's courts is called?

   A Act of State Doctrine B Pacta tertiis C Non-intervention D Sovereign Equality
3. Question 3 of 200

   What is the declaration under Article 36(2) of the ICJ Statute commonly called?

   A Compromis B Optional Clause C Reservation Clause D Compromissory Clause
4. Question 4 of 200

   What is the term for an advisory function exercised by the ICJ?

   A Provisional Measure B Interim Order C Binding Judgment D Advisory Opinion
5. Question 5 of 200

   The Reparation for Injuries case before the ICJ recognized what regarding international organizations?

   A Jus cogens status of human rights B State immunity of organizations C Universal jurisdiction D International legal personality of the UN
6. Question 6 of 200

   According to Article 62 VCLT, a fundamental change of circumstances may justify what?

   A Suspension of UN membership B Termination or withdrawal from a treaty C Automatic ratification D Retroactive application
7. Question 7 of 200

   Which Article of the UN Charter contains the principle of sovereign equality of states?

   A Article 1 B Article 3 C Article 2 D Article 4
8. Question 8 of 200

   The four Geneva Conventions of 1949 primarily protect which categories?

   A Diplomats only B Stateless persons only C Wounded soldiers, shipwrecked, POWs, and civilians D Refugees only
9. Question 9 of 200

   Which Article empowers the Security Council to determine the existence of a threat to peace?

   A Article 41 B Article 40 C Article 42 D Article 39
10. Question 10 of 200

    Soft law instruments in international law are generally characterized by?

    A Mandatory Security Council enforcement B Full binding treaty status C Lack of binding legal force despite normative content D Automatic jus cogens status
11. Question 11 of 200

    Which country is considered the 51st original member, having signed later?

    A Belarus B Ukraine C Czechoslovakia D Poland
12. Question 12 of 200

    The Genocide Convention was adopted by the UN General Assembly in which year?

    A 1951 B 1966 C 1945 D 1948
13. Question 13 of 200

    Which doctrine of international trade law prohibits discriminatory treatment between like products of different countries?

    A Sovereign immunity B Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) treatment C National treatment exclusively D Jus cogens
14. Question 14 of 200

    Which chapter of the UN Charter deals with pacific settlement of disputes?

    A Chapter VII B Chapter VIII C Chapter V D Chapter VI
15. Question 15 of 200

    Which chapter of the UN Charter deals with the Security Council?

    A Chapter VI B Chapter V C Chapter IV D Chapter VII
16. Question 16 of 200

    The principle of non-intervention in domestic affairs of states is enshrined in which UN Charter Article?

    A Article 51 B Article 1(2) C Article 2(4) D Article 2(7)
17. Question 17 of 200

    State succession is mainly governed by which two Vienna Conventions?

    A 1978 and 1983 Vienna Conventions on Succession B 1961 and 1963 Vienna Conventions C 1969 and 1986 Vienna Conventions D 1958 Geneva Conventions
18. Question 18 of 200

    The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights was adopted in which year?

    A 1966 B 1948 C 1976 D 1986
19. Question 19 of 200

    Non-permanent members of the Security Council are elected for a term of how many years?

    A Three years B One year C Two years D Four years
20. Question 20 of 200

    Collective self-defence under Article 51 requires what from the attacked state?

    A A request or consent from the victim state B Security Council pre-authorization C Unilateral action by any third state D General Assembly resolution
21. Question 21 of 200

    Under UNCLOS, the Exclusive Economic Zone extends to how many nautical miles?

    A 12 nautical miles B 350 nautical miles C 24 nautical miles D 200 nautical miles
22. Question 22 of 200

    The UN Charter consists of how many chapters?

    A 21 B 20 C 19 D 18
23. Question 23 of 200

    How many permanent members does the UN Security Council have?

    A 10 B 6 C 5 D 7
24. Question 24 of 200

    Which Convention governs international civil aviation and was signed at Chicago in 1944?

    A Chicago Convention B Tokyo Convention C Warsaw Convention D Montreal Convention
25. Question 25 of 200

    Which Article of the UN Charter establishes the principle of self-determination of peoples?

    A Article 1(2) B Article 55 C Article 2(1) D Article 73
26. Question 26 of 200

    Article 1 of the UN Charter states the first purpose of the UN as?

    A To protect human rights only B To promote economic development C To regulate the law of the sea D To maintain international peace and security
27. Question 27 of 200

    Countermeasures taken by an injured state must, under international law, be?

    A Unlimited in scope B Always military in nature C Approved by the Security Council D Proportionate to the injury suffered
28. Question 28 of 200

    Article 19 of the UN Charter deals with the loss of which right for members in arrears?

    A Right to address the Assembly B Right to nominate ICJ judges C Membership in the Security Council D Vote in the General Assembly
29. Question 29 of 200

    How many principal organs does the United Nations have?

    A Seven B Four C Five D Six
30. Question 30 of 200

    Under UNCLOS, the 'high seas' are open to all states for which principle?

    A Exclusive use by coastal states B Common heritage of mankind only C Territorial claims by any state D Freedom of the high seas
31. Question 31 of 200

    When was the United Nations Charter signed?

    A 1 January 1946 B 10 December 1948 C 24 October 1945 D 26 June 1945
32. Question 32 of 200

    Which body can refer situations to the ICC even regarding non-member states?

    A ECOSOC B UN Security Council C General Assembly D ICJ
33. Question 33 of 200

    Which doctrine refuses recognition to governments that come to power through unconstitutional means?

    A Monroe Doctrine B Tobar Doctrine C Stimson Doctrine D Estrada Doctrine
34. Question 34 of 200

    Which UN organ supervises trust territories and is now largely inactive?

    A Security Council B Trusteeship Council C Secretariat D ECOSOC
35. Question 35 of 200

    Customary international law requires which two elements to be established?

    A Diplomatic recognition and consent B State practice and opinio juris C Judicial precedent and legislation D Treaty ratification and reservation
36. Question 36 of 200

    The right to self-determination is generally distinguished into which two forms in international law?

    A Bilateral and multilateral self-determination B Political and economic self-determination C Internal and external self-determination D Territorial and personal self-determination
37. Question 37 of 200

    The Corfu Channel case (1949) primarily concerned which issue?

    A Diplomatic immunity B Maritime delimitation C State responsibility and right of innocent passage D Treaty interpretation
38. Question 38 of 200

    The principle of 'double criminality' in extradition law requires that the offence be a crime in?

    A Both the requesting and requested states B Any third state involved C Only the requesting state D Only the requested state
39. Question 39 of 200

    The 'local remedies rule' requires what before international diplomatic protection claims proceed?

    A Immediate recourse to the ICJ B UN General Assembly resolution C Security Council approval D Exhaustion of local/domestic remedies
40. Question 40 of 200

    Which chapter of the UN Charter authorizes action with respect to threats to peace?

    A Chapter VIII B Chapter VII C Chapter V D Chapter VI
41. Question 41 of 200

    Which UN General Assembly Resolution is the 'Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples' (1960)?

    A Resolution 377 (V) B Resolution 2625 (XXV) C Resolution 3314 (XXIX) D Resolution 1514 (XV)
42. Question 42 of 200

    The principle allowing jurisdiction based on harm to the prosecuting state's nationals abroad is called?

    A Nationality principle B Territorial principle C Passive personality principle D Protective principle
43. Question 43 of 200

    The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was adopted in which year?

    A 1982 B 1958 C 1969 D 1994
44. Question 44 of 200

    Article 99 of the UN Charter empowers whom to bring matters to the Security Council's attention?

    A Any member state B The ICJ President C The Secretary-General D The General Assembly President
45. Question 45 of 200

    Which international body regulates seabed mining in the area beyond national jurisdiction?

    A International Maritime Organization B International Seabed Authority C UNCLOS Secretariat D IMO Council
46. Question 46 of 200

    Where was the United Nations Charter signed?

    A Geneva B New York C San Francisco D The Hague
47. Question 47 of 200

    Monism and dualism are theories explaining the relationship between which two legal orders?

    A Civil law and common law B Customary law and treaty law C International law and domestic (municipal) law D Public law and private law
48. Question 48 of 200

    Peremptory norms of international law from which no derogation is permitted are called?

    A Jus cogens B Opinio juris C Jus dispositivum D Lex specialis
49. Question 49 of 200

    Which UN Charter chapter relates to international economic and social cooperation?

    A Chapter XI B Chapter IX C Chapter X D Chapter VIII
50. Question 50 of 200

    Which Article of the UN Charter prohibits the threat or use of force?

    A Article 51 B Article 2(3) C Article 2(4) D Article 1(1)
51. Question 51 of 200

    Which Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions deals with international armed conflicts (1977)?

    A Additional Protocol III B The original Conventions only C Additional Protocol I D Additional Protocol II
52. Question 52 of 200

    The ICJ's 1996 Advisory Opinion on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons was requested by which organ?

    A UN Security Council B UN General Assembly C NATO D World Health Organization alone
53. Question 53 of 200

    The Indus Waters Treaty (1960) between India and Pakistan was brokered with the assistance of which institution?

    A International Court of Justice B World Bank C International Monetary Fund D United Nations
54. Question 54 of 200

    Which body adopted the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (2001)?

    A International Law Commission B UN Security Council C General Assembly directly D ICJ
55. Question 55 of 200

    The Nottebohm case is a leading authority on which subject?

    A Diplomatic immunity B Maritime boundaries C Nationality and genuine link/effective nationality D Territorial sovereignty
56. Question 56 of 200

    How many judges sit on the International Court of Justice?

    A 12 B 9 C 15 D 21
57. Question 57 of 200

    Who is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations (as of the LAW-GAT syllabus era)?

    A Kofi Annan B Ban Ki-moon C Boutros Boutros-Ghali D António Guterres
58. Question 58 of 200

    Which regional treaty established the European Court of Human Rights?

    A European Convention on Human Rights (1950) B Treaty of Rome C Maastricht Treaty D Lisbon Treaty
59. Question 59 of 200

    The contiguous zone under UNCLOS extends up to how many nautical miles from the baseline?

    A 24 nautical miles B 350 nautical miles C 200 nautical miles D 12 nautical miles
60. Question 60 of 200

    Succession of states primarily deals with the legal consequences of what?

    A Change of government within a state B Internal constitutional amendments C Treaty reservations D Replacement of one state by another in respect of territory
61. Question 61 of 200

    Which UN Charter chapter deals with regional arrangements?

    A Chapter IX B Chapter VI C Chapter VIII D Chapter VII
62. Question 62 of 200

    The Kashmir dispute was first referred to which UN organ shortly after partition?

    A International Court of Justice B UN General Assembly C UN Secretariat D UN Security Council
63. Question 63 of 200

    The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations was adopted in which year?

    A 1969 B 1961 C 1963 D 1982
64. Question 64 of 200

    Which body, alongside the ICJ, can request advisory opinions on legal questions within its competence under Article 96(2) of the UN Charter?

    A NGOs with consultative status B Regional organizations automatically C Any individual UN member state D Other UN organs and specialized agencies authorized by the General Assembly
65. Question 65 of 200

    Which Article of the UN Charter deals with non-military sanctions?

    A Article 43 B Article 41 C Article 42 D Article 39
66. Question 66 of 200

    The principle 'lex specialis derogat legi generali' means?

    A International law overrides domestic law always B A specific law overrides a general law on the same matter C A general law overrides a specific law D Later law overrides earlier law always
67. Question 67 of 200

    Which body of law governs the use of outer space and celestial bodies?

    A International Space Law B Air Law C Law of the Sea D Environmental Law
68. Question 68 of 200

    The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations was adopted in which year?

    A 1969 B 1961 C 1963 D 1975
69. Question 69 of 200

    The veto power in the Security Council applies to which type of matters?

    A Procedural matters only B Budgetary matters only C Substantive (non-procedural) matters D Admission of new members only
70. Question 70 of 200

    Which doctrine governs sovereign immunity of states from foreign jurisdiction?

    A Universal jurisdiction B Diplomatic immunity C Act of state doctrine D State immunity
71. Question 71 of 200

    Treaties must, per the VCLT, be registered with which body to be invoked before UN organs?

    A UN Secretariat B Security Council C General Assembly D ICJ Registry
72. Question 72 of 200

    Under the law of state responsibility, an internationally wrongful act requires which two elements?

    A Damage and malice B Force and coercion C Negligence and intent D Attribution to the state and breach of an international obligation
73. Question 73 of 200

    The Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted in which year?

    A 1989 B 1979 C 1966 D 1959
74. Question 74 of 200

    Which ICJ Advisory Opinion (2010) addressed the unilateral declaration of independence by Kosovo?

    A Western Sahara Advisory Opinion B Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in respect of Kosovo C Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion D Namibia Advisory Opinion
75. Question 75 of 200

    Pakistan ratified the Rome Statute of the ICC as of the standard LAW-GAT syllabus position?

    A Pakistan ratified it in 1998 B Pakistan ratified it in 2010 C Pakistan has not ratified the Rome Statute D Pakistan ratified it in 2002
76. Question 76 of 200

    In which year did the Rome Statute enter into force?

    A 2002 B 1998 C 2000 D 2005
77. Question 77 of 200

    The UN Secretariat is headed by whom?

    A The Secretary-General B The Chief Justice of ICJ C The President of Security Council D The President of General Assembly
78. Question 78 of 200

    A treaty that is void due to conflict with a peremptory norm (jus cogens) is governed by which VCLT Article?

    A Article 26 B Article 18 C Article 53 D Article 62
79. Question 79 of 200

    The World Trade Organization was established by which agreement, effective 1995?

    A Havana Charter B GATT 1947 C Marrakesh Agreement D Bretton Woods Agreement
80. Question 80 of 200

    Which is the main deliberative organ of the United Nations?

    A Secretariat B ECOSOC C General Assembly D Security Council
81. Question 81 of 200

    Can two judges of the ICJ be nationals of the same state?

    A Only ad hoc judges B Yes, always C No D Yes, with consent
82. Question 82 of 200

    The International Criminal Court was established by which instrument?

    A UN Charter B Geneva Conventions C Rome Statute D Vienna Convention
83. Question 83 of 200

    The 'political offence exception' in extradition law allows refusal of extradition for what kind of offence?

    A Maritime offences B Economic crimes C Ordinary criminal offences D Offences of a political character
84. Question 84 of 200

    Which UN General Assembly Resolution defines the crime of 'aggression' (1974)?

    A Resolution 1514 (XV) B Resolution 2625 (XXV) C Resolution 3314 (XXIX) D Resolution 377 (V)
85. Question 85 of 200

    Consular officials, compared to diplomats, generally enjoy what kind of immunity?

    A Immunity equal to heads of state B Absolute immunity C No immunity D Functional (limited) immunity
86. Question 86 of 200

    How many core crimes fall under the ICC's jurisdiction (originally)?

    A Three B Five C Six D Four
87. Question 87 of 200

    The Asylum case (Colombia v. Peru) primarily concerned which doctrine?

    A Diplomatic asylum and regional custom B State succession C Universal jurisdiction D Self-determination
88. Question 88 of 200

    Pakistan's status with respect to the Rome Statute of the ICC is best described as?

    A Founding member B Ratified in 2002 C Not a party (non-signatory) D Signed but withdrew
89. Question 89 of 200

    Where is the seat of the International Court of Justice located?

    A New York B Brussels C Geneva D The Hague
90. Question 90 of 200

    Judges of the ICJ are elected for a term of how many years?

    A Ten years B Five years C Nine years D Six years
91. Question 91 of 200

    Which UN body monitors state compliance with the ICCPR?

    A ICJ B Human Rights Council C Human Rights Committee D ECOSOC
92. Question 92 of 200

    The principle that treaties must be performed in good faith is known as?

    A Pacta sunt servanda B Rebus sic stantibus C Opinio juris D Jus cogens
93. Question 93 of 200

    Under the Montevideo criteria, which of the following is NOT required for statehood?

    A Defined territory B Capacity to enter relations with other states C Permanent population D Recognition by the UN
94. Question 94 of 200

    The principle of self-determination, as invoked in disputes such as Kashmir, derives textual support from which UN Charter provision?

    A Article 99 B Article 51 C Article 2(4) D Article 1(2)
95. Question 95 of 200

    The principle of universal jurisdiction is most commonly invoked for which category of crimes?

    A International crimes such as genocide and piracy B Civil contract disputes C Domestic theft D Tax evasion
96. Question 96 of 200

    The UN Charter contains how many Articles?

    A 111 B 99 C 105 D 120
97. Question 97 of 200

    Acts of private individuals are generally NOT attributable to a state unless?

    A The act occurs within the state's territory B The individual is a national of that state C The act is criminal in nature D The state adopts, directs, or ratifies the conduct
98. Question 98 of 200

    The Stimson Doctrine of 1932 concerned non-recognition of territorial changes brought about by what means?

    A Plebiscite B Force C Cession D Treaty
99. Question 99 of 200

    Which Article of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties addresses jus cogens?

    A Article 31 B Article 26 C Article 53 D Article 62
100. Question 100 of 200

     The Lotus case (France v. Turkey, 1927) is a leading authority on which principle?

     A Pacta sunt servanda B The 'Lotus principle' of permissive jurisdiction absent prohibition C Rebus sic stantibus D Universal jurisdiction over piracy
101. Question 101 of 200

     Which landmark ICJ case dealt with the use of force and the Nicaragua-United States dispute?

     A Nicaragua v. United States (1986) B North Sea Continental Shelf case C Corfu Channel case D Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case
102. Question 102 of 200

     Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a treaty is generally defined as an agreement between?

     A Any two parties regardless of form B States, in written form, governed by international law C International organizations exclusively D Only sovereign heads of state
103. Question 103 of 200

     The 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution is formally numbered as?

     A Resolution 1514 (XV) B Resolution 2625 (XXV) C Resolution 377 (V) D Resolution 3314 (XXIX)
104. Question 104 of 200

     A person declared 'persona non grata' by a receiving state is typically?

     A A refugee seeking asylum B An accredited international judge C A head of state D A diplomat asked to leave the country
105. Question 105 of 200

     Article 38 of the ICJ Statute lists the sources the Court applies; which is NOT among them?

     A General principles of law B Judicial legislation C International custom D International conventions
106. Question 106 of 200

     State responsibility arises when a state commits what kind of act?

     A An act recognized by treaty only B Any act of a private individual without attribution C Any lawful domestic act D An internationally wrongful act
107. Question 107 of 200

     The principle allowing a state to exercise jurisdiction over its nationals abroad is called?

     A Universality principle B Territorial principle C Nationality principle D Protective principle
108. Question 108 of 200

     Which UN Charter chapter deals with non-self-governing territories?

     A Chapter XIII B Chapter X C Chapter XII D Chapter XI
109. Question 109 of 200

     Which organ of the UN is described as its principal judicial organ?

     A Security Council B Secretariat C International Court of Justice D Trusteeship Council
110. Question 110 of 200

     Which of the following is NOT one of the original core crimes under the Rome Statute?

     A Genocide B Crimes against humanity C Terrorism D War crimes
111. Question 111 of 200

     Which Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions deals with non-international armed conflicts (1977)?

     A Additional Protocol II B Common Article 3 Protocol C Additional Protocol III D Additional Protocol I
112. Question 112 of 200

     Which UN body is primarily responsible for refugee protection?

     A UNESCO B UNICEF C UNDP D UNHCR
113. Question 113 of 200

     The Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case (1951) is significant for establishing which concept?

     A Straight baselines method B Exclusive Economic Zone C Universal jurisdiction D State immunity
114. Question 114 of 200

     The right of innocent passage applies to ships passing through which maritime zone?

     A High seas B Contiguous zone only C Territorial sea D Exclusive Economic Zone only
115. Question 115 of 200

     The principle 'ex injuria jus non oritur' means?

     A A legal right cannot arise from an illegal act B Treaties bind only the parties C Customary law binds all states D Force creates legal title
116. Question 116 of 200

     A treaty clause providing in advance for ICJ jurisdiction over future disputes is called?

     A Compromis B Compromissory Clause C Reservation D Optional Clause
117. Question 117 of 200

     Which Article of the UN Charter recognizes the right of self-defence?

     A Article 33 B Article 51 C Article 99 D Article 2(4)
118. Question 118 of 200

     How many affirmative votes, including all permanent members, are required for Security Council substantive decisions?

     A Nine, including concurring votes of permanent members B Seven C Unanimous fifteen D Simple majority of any nine
119. Question 119 of 200

     Landlocked states under UNCLOS are granted what kind of right regarding sea access?

     A Exclusive Economic Zone rights B Full territorial sea rights C Right of access to and from the sea D Continental shelf rights
120. Question 120 of 200

     Which body of customary and treaty rules governs the conduct of hostilities and protection of victims of war?

     A International Humanitarian Law B International Environmental Law C International Trade Law D International Human Rights Law
121. Question 121 of 200

     Which famous advisory opinion addressed the legal consequences of the construction of a wall in occupied Palestinian territory?

     A Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Advisory Opinion (2004) B Chagos Advisory Opinion C Western Sahara Advisory Opinion D Kosovo Advisory Opinion
122. Question 122 of 200

     Which UN organ can enforce a judgment of the ICJ?

     A Security Council B Secretariat C ECOSOC D General Assembly
123. Question 123 of 200

     Which doctrine holds that recognition of a new government is a matter of fact and not a judgment on legitimacy?

     A Stimson Doctrine B Hallstein Doctrine C Estrada Doctrine D Tobar Doctrine
124. Question 124 of 200

     The principle that existing administrative boundaries become international boundaries upon independence is?

     A Uti possidetis B Terra nullius C Rebus sic stantibus D Estoppel
125. Question 125 of 200

     The North Sea Continental Shelf cases primarily dealt with which subject?

     A Genocide B Delimitation of the continental shelf C Diplomatic asylum D State succession
126. Question 126 of 200

     The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights was adopted in which year?

     A 1948 B 1966 C 1948 jointly with UDHR D 1976
127. Question 127 of 200

     Which UN General Assembly Resolution is known as the 'Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations' (1970)?

     A Resolution 2625 (XXV) B Resolution 1514 (XV) C Resolution 3314 (XXIX) D Resolution 377 (V)
128. Question 128 of 200

     Asylum granted within the premises of an embassy in a foreign state is called?

     A Consular protection B Territorial asylum C Temporary refuge D Diplomatic asylum
129. Question 129 of 200

     Article 103 of the UN Charter establishes what principle?

     A Regional treaties take precedence B Customary law prevails over the Charter C Treaties prevail over the Charter D Charter obligations prevail over conflicting treaty obligations
130. Question 130 of 200

     Pakistan's constitutional practice regarding international treaties generally follows which theory?

     A Pure monist approach B Dualist approach (requiring domestic legislation for direct effect) C Supranational direct effect theory D Automatic incorporation theory
131. Question 131 of 200

     Which doctrine permits states to enter reservations to multilateral treaties, subject to compatibility with the treaty's object and purpose?

     A Rebus sic stantibus B Pacta tertiis C Reservations doctrine under the Vienna Convention D Estoppel doctrine
132. Question 132 of 200

     Under monist theory, international law and domestic law are viewed as?

     A Mutually exclusive and irreconcilable B Entirely separate and non-interacting systems C Subordinate to regional law only D Part of a single unified legal system
133. Question 133 of 200

     The principle of 'non-intervention' is closely linked with which broader principle of the UN Charter?

     A Self-determination B Sovereign equality of states C Collective security D Universal jurisdiction
134. Question 134 of 200

     The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in which year?

     A 1945 B 1976 C 1948 D 1966
135. Question 135 of 200

     Diplomatic immunity primarily derives its rationale from which theory?

     A Functional necessity B Reciprocity alone C Extraterritoriality D Representative character alone
136. Question 136 of 200

     Only which entities can be parties in cases before the ICJ?

     A States and individuals B International organizations only C States D NGOs and states
137. Question 137 of 200

     How many non-permanent members does the UN Security Council have?

     A 12 B 10 C 15 D 5
138. Question 138 of 200

     The principle that a treaty does not create obligations for third states without their consent is called?

     A Pacta sunt servanda B Pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt C Jus cogens D Rebus sic stantibus
139. Question 139 of 200

     The Barcelona Traction case is significant for which legal concept?

     A State succession B Self-determination C Diplomatic protection and erga omnes obligations D Law of treaties
140. Question 140 of 200

     An agreement between parties to submit an existing dispute to the ICJ is called?

     A Special Agreement (Compromis) B Compromissory Clause C Protocol of Accession D Optional Clause Declaration
141. Question 141 of 200

     A diplomat enjoys immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of which state?

     A The receiving state B The sending state C Any third state D International Criminal Court only
142. Question 142 of 200

     The doctrine 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P) was endorsed at the UN in which year?

     A 1999 B 2005 C 1994 D 2011
143. Question 143 of 200

     Which of the following is NOT a permanent member of the UN Security Council?

     A Russia B China C Germany D France
144. Question 144 of 200

     The precautionary principle in international environmental law generally means?

     A Treaties override domestic environmental law automatically B Lack of full scientific certainty should not delay preventive measures C States may pollute freely until harm is proven D Only developed states bear environmental obligations
145. Question 145 of 200

     Can the sending state waive the immunity of its diplomat?

     A Only the UN can waive it B No, immunity is absolute C Yes, expressly D Only the receiving state can waive it
146. Question 146 of 200

     The principle of complementarity under the Rome Statute means the ICC acts when?

     A National courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute B Only upon Security Council referral C Only for crimes committed by non-state actors D Always, regardless of domestic proceedings
147. Question 147 of 200

     The psychological element required to establish customary international law is called?

     A Erga omnes B Jus cogens C Pacta sunt servanda D Opinio juris
148. Question 148 of 200

     The recognition theory that statehood exists independent of recognition by other states is the?

     A Declaratory theory B Estrada doctrine C Effective control theory D Constitutive theory
149. Question 149 of 200

     The Convention Against Torture was adopted by the UN General Assembly in which year?

     A 1984 B 1966 C 1979 D 1989
150. Question 150 of 200

     The International Court of Justice was established under which instrument?

     A Vienna Convention B Geneva Conventions C Treaty of Versailles D UN Charter
151. Question 151 of 200

     In which year was the Rome Statute of the ICC adopted?

     A 1994 B 1998 C 1945 D 2002
152. Question 152 of 200

     The jurisdiction of the ICJ in contentious cases is based primarily on what?

     A Universal jurisdiction B Security Council referral only C Compulsory jurisdiction over all states D Consent of states
153. Question 153 of 200

     Obligations owed by a state to the international community as a whole are called?

     A Reciprocal obligations B Jus cogens norms C Bilateral obligations D Erga omnes obligations
154. Question 154 of 200

     How many original signatory states signed the UN Charter?

     A 51 B 50 C 45 D 55
155. Question 155 of 200

     The Montevideo Convention of 1933 is primarily associated with which subject?

     A Law of the sea B Criteria for statehood C Diplomatic immunity D Law of treaties
156. Question 156 of 200

     Which Article of the UN Charter allows expulsion of a member persistently violating Charter principles?

     A Article 5 B Article 6 C Article 7 D Article 4
157. Question 157 of 200

     Under Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute, judicial decisions and teachings serve as what?

     A Primary source of law B Customary law C Binding precedent D Subsidiary means for determining rules of law
158. Question 158 of 200

     The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) was adopted in which year?

     A 1979 B 1966 C 1989 D 1948
159. Question 159 of 200

     Which doctrine concerns the non-recognition of territory acquired through unlawful use of force?

     A Monroe Doctrine B Stimson Doctrine / non-recognition of unlawful annexation C Estrada Doctrine D Tobar Doctrine
160. Question 160 of 200

     The Inter-American Court of Human Rights operates under which regional convention?

     A Bogota Pact B American Convention on Human Rights C Rio Treaty D OAS Charter alone
161. Question 161 of 200

     Under UNCLOS, the territorial sea extends to how many nautical miles?

     A 24 nautical miles B 6 nautical miles C 200 nautical miles D 12 nautical miles
162. Question 162 of 200

     The recognition theory holding that a state only becomes an international legal person upon recognition is?

     A Constitutive theory B Tobar doctrine C Declaratory theory D Estrada doctrine
163. Question 163 of 200

     Piracy under international law is traditionally subject to which type of jurisdiction?

     A Passive personality jurisdiction only B Nationality jurisdiction only C Universal jurisdiction D Territorial jurisdiction only
164. Question 164 of 200

     Which organ coordinates UN economic and social work?

     A Trusteeship Council B General Assembly C Secretariat D Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
165. Question 165 of 200

     The 1951 Refugee Convention defines a refugee primarily based on what?

     A Natural disaster displacement B Well-founded fear of persecution C Economic hardship D Voluntary migration
166. Question 166 of 200

     Humanitarian intervention without Security Council authorization is generally regarded under international law as?

     A Fully legal under customary law B Legally contested/controversial C Required under the UN Charter D Expressly authorized by Article 2(4)
167. Question 167 of 200

     What is the official predecessor of the International Court of Justice?

     A League of Nations Council B Permanent Court of Arbitration C International Criminal Court D Permanent Court of International Justice
168. Question 168 of 200

     Who elects the judges of the International Court of Justice?

     A ECOSOC B General Assembly and Security Council C Secretary-General D Security Council alone
169. Question 169 of 200

     The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties was adopted in which year?

     A 1958 B 1982 C 1961 D 1969
170. Question 170 of 200

     The principle of non-refoulement primarily relates to which area of international law?

     A Diplomatic law B Refugee law C Treaty law D Law of the sea
171. Question 171 of 200

     The UN Human Rights Council replaced which earlier body in 2006?

     A ECOSOC B UN Trusteeship Council C UN Commission on Human Rights D UN Human Rights Committee
172. Question 172 of 200

     The principle allowing jurisdiction over acts threatening a state's security, even committed abroad, is the?

     A Protective principle B Passive personality principle C Territoriality principle D Universality principle
173. Question 173 of 200

     The doctrine that prevents states from later denying a position they previously accepted is called?

     A Res judicata B Estoppel C Pacta sunt servanda D Rebus sic stantibus
174. Question 174 of 200

     How is the UN Charter amended according to Article 108?

     A Security Council alone B Unanimous vote of all member states C Two-thirds of General Assembly members, including all permanent Security Council members D Simple majority of General Assembly
175. Question 175 of 200

     Which Article of the UN Charter allows the use of armed force by the Security Council?

     A Article 40 B Article 41 C Article 42 D Article 39
176. Question 176 of 200

     Decisions of the ICJ are binding upon which parties?

     A Only the Security Council B All UN member states C All states in the region D Only the parties to the case
177. Question 177 of 200

     The UDHR, ICCPR, and ICESCR are collectively known as?

     A The Geneva Framework B The Rome Compact C The International Bill of Human Rights D The Vienna Charter
178. Question 178 of 200

     The Geneva Conventions on the law of the sea (four conventions) were adopted in which year?

     A 1982 B 1958 C 1969 D 1961
179. Question 179 of 200

     The principle 'lex posterior derogat legi priori' means?

     A A specific law overrides a general law B Domestic law overrides international law C A later law overrides an earlier law on the same matter D Customary law overrides treaty law
180. Question 180 of 200

     Archipelagic states under UNCLOS may draw baselines connecting what?

     A Only the mainland coastline B Any point chosen unilaterally C Only points recognized by neighboring states D The outermost points of their outermost islands
181. Question 181 of 200

     Which Article provides for suspension of a member state's rights and privileges?

     A Article 19 B Article 6 C Article 4 D Article 5
182. Question 182 of 200

     The 'Uniting for Peace' Resolution (1950) allows which organ to act when the Security Council is deadlocked?

     A The General Assembly B The Secretariat C ECOSOC D The ICJ
183. Question 183 of 200

     Extradition between states is generally governed by what legal basis?

     A Customary international law alone B Bilateral or multilateral extradition treaties C Unilateral domestic legislation only D UN Security Council resolutions only
184. Question 184 of 200

     Under dualist theory, international law requires what to take effect domestically?

     A No domestic legislative action B Automatic direct effect C Transformation/incorporation into domestic law D Ratification alone, with no further act
185. Question 185 of 200

     The doctrine of 'self-defence' under Article 51 of the UN Charter is available against what?

     A Any economic sanction B Any verbal threat C Diplomatic protest D An armed attack
186. Question 186 of 200

     UNCIP, established to address the Kashmir dispute, stands for?

     A United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan B United Nations Commission on International Practice C United Nations Committee for Indian Partition D United Nations Council for International Peace
187. Question 187 of 200

     Which case established the 'effective control' test for state responsibility for non-state actors?

     A Lotus case B Nottebohm case C Reparation for Injuries case D Nicaragua v. United States
188. Question 188 of 200

     Asylum granted by a state within its own territory to a fleeing individual is called?

     A Consular asylum B Territorial asylum C Extraterritorial asylum D Diplomatic asylum
189. Question 189 of 200

     When did the United Nations Charter come into force?

     A 26 June 1945 B 10 January 1946 C 24 October 1945 D 30 October 1945
190. Question 190 of 200

     'General principles of law recognized by civilized nations' under Article 38 ICJ Statute refer to principles common to what?

     A Only common law systems B Major legal systems of the world C Only civil law systems D Only Islamic legal systems
191. Question 191 of 200

     The 'Namibia Advisory Opinion' (1971) primarily concerned the legal consequences of South Africa's continued presence in Namibia under what status?

     A Trusteeship status B Condominium status C Colonial possession status D Mandate territory status
192. Question 192 of 200

     Which organ of the UN can request an Advisory Opinion from the ICJ as of right?

     A NGOs B General Assembly C Member states individually D Regional organizations
193. Question 193 of 200

     Land or territory belonging to no one, capable of acquisition by occupation, is called?

     A Mandate territory B Condominium C Terra nullius D Res communis
194. Question 194 of 200

     Under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, the premises of a mission are deemed to be?

     A Subject to search with consent B Inviolable C Extraterritorial D Subject to host state entry with notice
195. Question 195 of 200

     Under VCLT Article 18, states must refrain from acts that would defeat a treaty's object and purpose even before what?

     A Ratification by all parties B Entry into force, once they have signed or expressed consent C Registration with the UN D Publication in domestic law
196. Question 196 of 200

     Diplomatic protection is exercised by a state on behalf of whom?

     A International organizations B Foreign nationals generally C Its nationals injured by another state D Stateless persons exclusively
197. Question 197 of 200

     Pakistan became a member of the United Nations in which year?

     A 1945 B 1950 C 1948 D 1947
198. Question 198 of 200

     Where is the seat of the International Criminal Court?

     A Geneva B The Hague C Rome D New York
199. Question 199 of 200

     The doctrine allowing termination of treaties due to fundamental change of circumstances is?

     A Pacta sunt servanda B Rebus sic stantibus C Estoppel D Uti possidetis
200. Question 200 of 200

     Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions applies to which type of conflict?

     A Trade disputes B International armed conflict only C Non-international armed conflict D Maritime disputes

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