Inventions Discoveries Scientists Competitive Exams
100 questions · General Science
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Question 1 of 100
Who published a detailed human anatomy text 'De humani corporis fabrica' in 1543?
ExplanationIt corrected many errors of Galen.
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Question 2 of 100
X-rays were discovered in 1895 by
ExplanationHe received the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
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Question 3 of 100
The genetic code was deciphered by Marshall Nirenberg and
ExplanationThey shared the 1968 Nobel Prize with Robert Holley.
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Question 4 of 100
Quarks were proposed independently in 1964 by
ExplanationGell-Mann won the 1969 Nobel Prize.
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Question 5 of 100
Marie Curie won Nobel Prizes in
ExplanationShe was the first person to win in two different sciences.
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Question 6 of 100
Who invented the practical steam engine improvement with a separate condenser?
ExplanationThe unit of power, the watt, is named after him.
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Question 7 of 100
Human ABO blood groups were discovered in 1901 by
ExplanationHe won the Nobel Prize in 1930.
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Question 8 of 100
Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman is a renowned Pakistani
ExplanationHe was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006.
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Question 9 of 100
The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched in
ExplanationIt was launched by the Soviet Union.
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Question 10 of 100
The maximum mass of a stable white dwarf, about 1.4 solar masses, is named after
ExplanationHe won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983.
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Question 11 of 100
The X-ray diffraction image 'Photo 51' that helped reveal DNA's structure was taken by
ExplanationHer data was crucial to Watson and Crick.
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Question 12 of 100
The exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons share the same quantum state, was proposed by
ExplanationHe proposed it in 1925.
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Question 13 of 100
Who discovered the atomic nucleus through the gold foil experiment?
ExplanationGeiger and Marsden performed the experiment under his direction.
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Question 14 of 100
The Hubble Space Telescope was launched in
ExplanationIt was named after Edwin Hubble.
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Question 15 of 100
Who proposed the heliocentric theory of the solar system?
ExplanationHe placed the Sun, not the Earth, at the centre.
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Question 16 of 100
The existence of antimatter (the positron) was predicted by Paul Dirac and discovered by
ExplanationAnderson found it in cosmic rays in 1932.
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Question 17 of 100
Who discovered the neutron in 1932?
ExplanationHe won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935.
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Question 18 of 100
Who invented the movable-type printing press in Europe around 1440?
ExplanationHis Bible was the first major book printed with movable metal type.
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Question 19 of 100
Who proposed the germ theory of disease and pasteurisation?
ExplanationHe showed that microbes cause fermentation and disease.
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Question 20 of 100
The conditioned reflex was studied by
ExplanationHe used dogs in experiments.
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Question 21 of 100
Who flew the first successful powered aeroplane in 1903?
ExplanationThe flight took place at Kitty Hawk, USA.
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Question 22 of 100
Who invented the electric battery (voltaic pile) in 1800?
ExplanationThe unit volt is named after him.
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Question 23 of 100
Who discovered the principle of buoyancy, shouting 'Eureka'?
ExplanationA body immersed in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of fluid displaced.
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Question 24 of 100
Who discovered the law of universal gravitation?
ExplanationHe published it in the Principia in 1687.
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Question 25 of 100
Who invented the World Wide Web in 1989?
ExplanationHe worked at CERN.
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Question 26 of 100
Who discovered that an electric current produces a magnetic field in 1820?
ExplanationHe observed a compass needle deflecting near a current-carrying wire.
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Question 27 of 100
Who accurately estimated the radius of the Earth and wrote 'Kitab al-Hind'?
ExplanationHe lived in the Ghaznavid court and studied India.
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Question 28 of 100
The first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction (Chicago Pile-1, 1942) was achieved by
ExplanationIt took place under the stands of Stagg Field.
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Question 29 of 100
The only person to win unshared Nobel Prizes in Chemistry (1954) and Peace (1962) is
ExplanationHe campaigned against nuclear weapons testing.
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Question 30 of 100
The theory of continental drift was proposed by
ExplanationHe proposed it in 1912.
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Question 31 of 100
Who first described pulmonary circulation in the 13th century?
ExplanationHe described the blood passage through the lungs.
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Question 32 of 100
The Egyptian chemist who won the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for femtochemistry is
ExplanationHe studied chemical reactions on femtosecond timescales.
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Question 33 of 100
The 'Canon of Medicine' was written by
ExplanationIt was a standard medical text in Europe for centuries.
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Question 34 of 100
Who is known as the Father of the Periodic Table?
ExplanationHe arranged elements by atomic mass and predicted undiscovered elements.
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Question 35 of 100
Who developed the first practical incandescent light bulb?
ExplanationHe invented a long-lasting carbon-filament lamp in 1879.
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Question 36 of 100
Who developed the rabies vaccine?
ExplanationHe also disproved spontaneous generation.
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Question 37 of 100
Who proposed an atomic model with electrons in fixed energy levels?
ExplanationThe model explained the hydrogen spectrum in 1913.
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Question 38 of 100
The first working mechanical television was demonstrated in 1926 by
ExplanationHe was a Scottish engineer.
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Question 39 of 100
Who is credited with inventing the telephone in 1876?
ExplanationThe first words were to his assistant Watson.
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Question 40 of 100
Who first used the telescope for astronomical observations?
ExplanationHe observed the Moon's craters and Jupiter's moons in 1609-1610.
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Question 41 of 100
Who provided the theoretical explanation of nuclear fission with Otto Frisch?
ExplanationThe element meitnerium is named after her.
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Question 42 of 100
Who invented the mercury barometer in 1643?
ExplanationThe unit torr is named after him.
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Question 43 of 100
Who is credited with developing wireless radio telegraphy?
ExplanationHe sent the first transatlantic wireless signal in 1901.
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Question 44 of 100
Who is known for the kite experiment with lightning?
ExplanationIt showed that lightning is electrical.
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Question 45 of 100
Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Explanation'On the Origin of Species' was published in 1859.
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Question 46 of 100
The founder of theoretical computer science and codebreaker of Enigma is
ExplanationThe Turing machine is a foundational concept.
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Question 47 of 100
Who unified electricity, magnetism and light in a set of equations?
ExplanationHe predicted electromagnetic waves.
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Question 48 of 100
Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, a Pakistani scientist, is known for his research on
ExplanationHe founded the research institute at the University of Karachi now named after him.
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Question 49 of 100
Who discovered the law relating the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature?
ExplanationBoyle's law: pressure is inversely proportional to volume.
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Question 50 of 100
Who proposed the modern atomic theory in 1808?
ExplanationHe suggested that atoms of an element are identical.
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Question 51 of 100
The wave equation of quantum mechanics was formulated by
ExplanationHe published it in 1926.
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Question 52 of 100
Who is called the Father of Algebra?
ExplanationHis book Al-Jabr gave algebra its name; 'algorithm' derives from his name.
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Question 53 of 100
Who developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796?
ExplanationHe used cowpox material.
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Question 54 of 100
Who is known as the Father of Modern Chemistry?
ExplanationHe established the law of conservation of mass.
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Question 55 of 100
Who formulated the theory of relativity?
ExplanationSpecial relativity came in 1905 and general relativity in 1915.
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Question 56 of 100
Who discovered the three laws of planetary motion?
ExplanationHe showed that planets move in elliptical orbits.
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Question 57 of 100
Who discovered the electron in 1897?
ExplanationHe used cathode ray tubes.
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Question 58 of 100
Who wrote the 'Book of Optics' and is regarded as the Father of Optics?
ExplanationHe explained vision through light entering the eye and pioneered the experimental method.
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Question 59 of 100
Who discovered oxygen in 1774?
ExplanationLavoisier later named it 'oxygen'.
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Question 60 of 100
Who discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831?
ExplanationIt is the basis of generators and transformers.
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Question 61 of 100
The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in
ExplanationAlfred Nobel's will was signed in 1895.
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Question 62 of 100
The scale for measuring earthquake magnitude was devised in 1935 by
ExplanationIt is a logarithmic scale.
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Question 63 of 100
The first man to walk on the Moon, on 20 July 1969, was
ExplanationHe was commander of Apollo 11.
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Question 64 of 100
Who discovered that the universe is expanding?
ExplanationHe showed that galaxies are receding from us.
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Question 65 of 100
The double-helix structure of DNA was proposed in 1953 by
ExplanationThey won the Nobel Prize in 1962 with Maurice Wilkins.
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Question 66 of 100
Who is known as the Father of Surgery in the Islamic world?
ExplanationHis encyclopaedia Al-Tasrif illustrated surgical instruments.
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Question 67 of 100
The first human to travel into space (12 April 1961) was
ExplanationHe orbited the Earth in Vostok 1.
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Question 68 of 100
The Manhattan Project's Los Alamos laboratory was directed by
ExplanationHe is called the father of the atomic bomb.
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Question 69 of 100
Who pioneered antiseptic surgery using carbolic acid?
ExplanationThe mouthwash Listerine is named after him.
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Question 70 of 100
Penicillin was discovered accidentally in 1928 by
ExplanationFlorey and Chain developed it into a drug.
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Question 71 of 100
Who introduced the concept of atomic number in 1913?
ExplanationHe used X-ray spectra of elements.
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Question 72 of 100
The International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) at Trieste was founded by
ExplanationHe founded it in 1964 to support scientists from developing countries.
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Question 73 of 100
Induced pluripotent stem cells were created in 2006 by
ExplanationHe shared the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
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Question 74 of 100
Who is called the Father of Chemistry among early Muslim scientists?
ExplanationHe developed methods of distillation and crystallisation.
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Question 75 of 100
Who discovered the circulation of blood?
ExplanationHe published his findings in 1628.
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Question 76 of 100
Who invented the dynamite and founded the Nobel Prizes?
ExplanationThe prizes were established by his will.
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Question 77 of 100
Radioactivity was first discovered in 1896 by
ExplanationHe observed it in uranium salts.
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Question 78 of 100
Who first distinguished smallpox from measles in his book 'Al-Hawi'?
ExplanationHe also wrote about hygiene and experimental medicine.
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Question 79 of 100
Who is regarded as the originator of quantum theory (1900)?
ExplanationHe proposed that energy is emitted in discrete quanta.
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Question 80 of 100
Radiation emitted by black holes is named after
ExplanationHe proposed it in 1974.
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Question 81 of 100
Who first produced and detected radio waves experimentally in 1887?
ExplanationThe unit of frequency, hertz, is named after him.
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Question 82 of 100
Who won two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry (1958 and 1980)?
ExplanationHe sequenced insulin and developed DNA sequencing.
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Question 83 of 100
The first mammal cloned from an adult cell, Dolly the sheep (1996), was produced at the
ExplanationIan Wilmut led the team.
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Question 84 of 100
The first woman in space (1963) was
ExplanationShe flew on Vostok 6.
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Question 85 of 100
The mechanism that gives mass to elementary particles was proposed in 1964 by
ExplanationThe boson was confirmed at CERN in 2012.
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Question 86 of 100
Insulin was first isolated in 1921-22 by
ExplanationBanting and Macleod received the 1923 Nobel Prize.
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Question 87 of 100
Who is known as the Father of Medicine?
ExplanationHippocrates of Cos (c. 460 BC) separated medicine from superstition.
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Question 88 of 100
Who developed the alternating current induction motor?
ExplanationHis AC system won the 'war of the currents'.
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Question 89 of 100
Cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered in 1965 by
ExplanationIt supports the Big Bang theory.
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Question 90 of 100
Who discovered the tuberculosis bacillus in 1882?
ExplanationHe formulated Koch's postulates.
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Question 91 of 100
Nuclear fission was discovered experimentally in 1938 by
ExplanationHahn received the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
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Question 92 of 100
Who first observed bacteria and protozoa with a microscope?
ExplanationHe called them 'animalcules'.
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Question 93 of 100
Who coined the term 'cell' after observing cork under a microscope?
ExplanationHe published Micrographia in 1665.
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Question 94 of 100
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was invented in 1983 by
ExplanationHe received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993.
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Question 95 of 100
'Jumping genes' (transposons) were discovered by
ExplanationShe worked on maize and won the 1983 Nobel Prize.
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Question 96 of 100
Who is called the Father of the Computer for designing the Analytical Engine?
ExplanationAda Lovelace wrote programs for it.
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Question 97 of 100
Who is known as the Father of Genetics?
ExplanationHe worked with pea plants.
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Question 98 of 100
Mendel's laws were rediscovered in 1900 by
ExplanationHis 1866 work had been ignored.
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Question 99 of 100
The absolute (Kelvin) temperature scale was proposed by
Explanation0 K corresponds to absolute zero.
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Question 100 of 100
Who discovered polonium and radium?
ExplanationShe won Nobel Prizes in both Physics and Chemistry.
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