Professional Ethics Law GAT MCQs Test 1

1. Question 1 of 50

   Under Rule 143, what is expected of senior and elder Bar members toward their junior colleagues?

   A No particular obligation B To be not only courteous but also helpful C Deference equal to that shown to judges D Only formal courtesy in open court
2. Question 2 of 50

   What common theme links Rules 149 and 150, both found in Section B?

   A Both concern courtroom decorum exclusively B Both concern judicial appointments C Both concern relations with opposing counsel exclusively D Both concern an advocate's handling of property or funds connected to a case — improper personal acquisition (149) and improper commingling (150)
3. Question 3 of 50

   Under Rule 155, for what purpose alone should lawsuits with clients over fees generally be resorted to?

   A To maximise recovery of unpaid fees B To establish a legal precedent C To prevent injustice, imposition, or fraud D To deter future clients from disputing fees
4. Question 4 of 50

   Under Rule 146, may an advocate accept employment adverse to a former client using confidential information obtained during that employment?

   A Yes, once sufficient time has passed B No C Yes, with a written waiver only D Yes, in unrelated practice areas
5. Question 5 of 50

   Under Rule 143, how should junior and younger Bar members conduct themselves toward senior and elder members?

   A Formally only in court proceedings B With no particular deference required C Only when instructed by a client D Always respectfully
6. Question 6 of 50

   Under Rule 138, to what type of matters does the restriction on private communication with a judge NOT apply?

   A Matters exceeding a certain value B Criminal matters only C Matters involving government litigants D Ex parte matters or matters not sub-judice before that judge or judicial officer
7. Question 7 of 50

   Under Rule 142, whose precedence, established by constitutional usage and practice, must an advocate respect?

   A The senior-most judge present B The President of the Bar Association C The Chief Justice alone D The Attorney-General and the Advocate-General
8. Question 8 of 50

   Under Rule 135, what is expressly NOT prohibited, despite the general bar on solicitation?

   A Ordinary professional cards, name plates, or conventional directory listings limited to professional/academic qualifications and public offices currently held B Paid social media promotion C Television advertising D Door-to-door solicitation
9. Question 9 of 50

   Both Rule 156 and Rule 169 touch on the limits of an advocate's duty to a client. What is the key distinction between them?

   A Rule 156 addresses not asserting personal belief in the client's cause, while Rule 169 addresses the client having no right to demand abusive or offensive conduct toward the opposing party B Rule 156 applies only in civil cases, Rule 169 only in criminal cases C Rule 156 concerns judges, Rule 169 concerns witnesses D They address identical situations with no meaningful distinction
10. Question 10 of 50

    Under Rule 136, may an advocate share compensation arising from professional employment with an unlicensed person?

    A No B Yes, up to a reasonable proportion C Yes, if the unlicensed person is a family member D Yes, with the client's consent
11. Question 11 of 50

    Under Rule 152, may an advocate advise a client to violate the law?

    A Yes, provided it is given informally B No, except that this rule does not prohibit good-faith advice that a particular law is invalid C Yes, if the client insists D Yes, in commercial disputes only
12. Question 12 of 50

    Under Rule 135, may an advocate solicit professional employment by advertisement or any other means?

    A Yes, but only in print media B No C Yes, but only once annually D Yes, without restriction
13. Question 13 of 50

    Distinguish Rule 145 from Rule 148: what is the key difference in what each prohibits?

    A Rule 145 applies only to criminal matters, Rule 148 only to civil matters B They are identical restatements of the same prohibition C Rule 145 prohibits acquiring an interest adverse to a client's property in the case, while Rule 148 more broadly prohibits representing conflicting interests generally D Rule 145 applies to former clients only, Rule 148 to current clients only
14. Question 14 of 50

    Under Rule 147, what must an advocate disclose before accepting professional employment?

    A His years of call to the Bar B His relation, if any, with the adverse party, and his interest, if any, in the subject-matter of the employment C His religious or political affiliation D His personal fee schedule
15. Question 15 of 50

    Under Rule 150, what must an advocate not do with money or property belonging to a client that comes into his possession?

    A Invest it on the client's behalf without instruction B Hold it in a separate account C Commingle it with his own property D Report its receipt to the client
16. Question 16 of 50

    Under Rule 136, may an advocate knowingly accept employment offered to him as a result of the activities of an unlicensed person soliciting on his behalf?

    A Yes, if the client is unaware of the arrangement B No C Yes, in urgent matters only D Yes, provided no fee is shared
17. Question 17 of 50

    Under Rule 140, whose ill-feeling should not be allowed to influence advocates' conduct and demeanour toward each other or the opposing party?

    A The clients' B The advocates' own C The Bar Council's D The court's
18. Question 18 of 50

    During closing argument, an advocate tells the jury: 'I personally believe my client is innocent.' Which rule does this violate?

    A Rule 152 B Rule 145 C Rule 156, which states it is improper for an advocate to assert his personal belief in the client's innocence or cause D No rule; personal conviction may always be voiced in argument
19. Question 19 of 50

    Under Rule 140, is it proper to allude to the personal history or peculiarities of opposing counsel during the trial of a cause?

    A Yes, with the court's permission B Yes, in cross-examination only C No, this is described as indecent D Yes, if relevant to credibility
20. Question 20 of 50

    Under Rule 156, whose voice must an advocate obey in discharging his professional duty to a client?

    A The client's conscience B The senior partner's direction C The presiding judge's personal preference D His own conscience, not that of his client
21. Question 21 of 50

    Under Rule 154, what should never be forgotten when fixing fees, given that the legal profession is described as a branch of the administration of justice?

    A That fees may never be negotiated B That fees must always be a fixed percentage of the claim C That fees are set exclusively by the Bar Council D That it is not a mere money-making trade
22. Question 22 of 50

    An advocate representing a buyer in a property dispute personally purchases the same disputed property at the judicial auction. Which rule does this violate?

    A Rule 149, which prohibits an advocate from purchasing property at a judicial sale in a proceeding in which he appears for a party B No rule is violated if the price paid is fair C Rule 145 alone D Rule 173
23. Question 23 of 50

    Under Rule 139, how should a client's suggestion of engaging additional advocates be regarded?

    A As an implicit criticism of the current advocate B Not as evidence of want of confidence, but a matter left to the client's determination C As requiring Bar Council approval D As grounds for the current advocate to withdraw
24. Question 24 of 50

    Under Rule 158, in incidental matters not affecting the merits of a cause (such as agreeing to an extension of time for filing), who is generally allowed to judge for himself?

    A The court registrar B The advocate C The client, exclusively D The opposing advocate
25. Question 25 of 50

    Under Rule 151, may an advocate advise the commencement of prosecution or defence of a case without having been consulted in reference to it?

    A Yes, freely and without restriction B Yes, but only pro bono C Generally no, except where his relation to a party or the subject-matter makes it proper D Yes, but only in criminal matters
26. Question 26 of 50

    An advocate is asked by his client to threaten and berate the opposing party during proceedings. May the advocate comply, citing the client's instructions?

    A Yes, if the opposing party is unrepresented B No — Rule 169 makes clear the client cannot be the keeper of the advocate's conscience and has no right to demand abusive or offensive conduct C Yes, provided the client insists in writing D Yes, if the case is high-value
27. Question 27 of 50

    Under Rule 149, may an advocate purchase property at a probate, foreclosure, or judicial sale in a proceeding in which he himself appears for a party?

    A Yes, if the sale is by public auction B Yes, provided the price is fair market value C No, neither in his own name nor benami D Yes, with the court's prior approval
28. Question 28 of 50

    Under Rule 145, may an advocate acquire an interest adverse to a client in the property or interest involved in the case?

    A No B Yes, with informal client consent C Yes, if the interest is minor D Yes, if disclosed after the case concludes
29. Question 29 of 50

    Two advocates are on the same side of a case, and a dispute arises over who should lead. Absent any special direction, whose view under Rule 144 generally prevails?

    A The junior advocate's, to encourage development B The senior advocate's, since he has the right to lead unless he decides otherwise C The client's alone, without regard to the advocates' seniority D It must be resolved by the Bar Council
30. Question 30 of 50

    A retired judge who has recently begun practising as an advocate puts 'Ex-Judge' on his new office nameplate. Which rule does this violate?

    A Rule 174 alone B Rule 175 C No rule; this is permitted for retired judiciary D Rule 174-A, which prohibits using a former designation such as 'Ex-Judge' during the period of practice as an advocate
31. Question 31 of 50

    Both Rule 146 and Rule 174 restrict an advocate from taking on certain matters based on prior involvement. What is the key distinction between them?

    A Rule 146 applies only to judges, Rule 174 only to advocates in private practice B They address identical situations with no meaningful distinction C Rule 146 concerns fees, Rule 174 concerns name boards D Rule 146 concerns confidential information from a prior client relationship, while Rule 174 concerns matters previously handled in a judicial or public office capacity
32. Question 32 of 50

    Under Rule 139, should an advocate accept association as a colleague where the dues of the advocate first retained remain unpaid?

    A No, he should decline such association unless those dues are paid B Yes, this is irrelevant to accepting association C Yes, provided the client requests it D Yes, only in urgent matters
33. Question 33 of 50

    An advocate is approached by a stranger to file a criminal complaint against a third party, without having been consulted about the underlying matter beforehand. What does Rule 151 generally require?

    A A minimum retainer fee before proceeding B Nothing; any advocate may file any complaint at will C That the advocate not advise commencement of prosecution unless he has been properly consulted in reference to the matter, absent a special relation making it proper D Approval from the Bar Council before filing
34. Question 34 of 50

    Under Rule 146's proviso, is an advocate who was never formally engaged or paid by a person precluded from later accepting employment adverse to that person's interest?

    A No, he is not precluded in that specific circumstance B Yes, in all circumstances without exception C Yes, for a minimum of five years D Yes, unless the Bar Council grants permission
35. Question 35 of 50

    Under Rule 156, does the office of an advocate permit the violation of law or any manner of fraud or chicanery for a client?

    A Yes, provided it is not discovered B Yes, in exceptional urgent circumstances C No D Yes, if the client insists and pays accordingly
36. Question 36 of 50

    Under Rule 155, how should controversies with clients concerning compensation generally be handled?

    A Referred automatically to the Bar Council B Avoided, so far as compatible with the advocate's self-respect and right to reasonable recompense C Always pursued through immediate litigation D Ignored entirely regardless of amount owed
37. Question 37 of 50

    Under Rule 141, is division of fees for legal services with any person generally proper?

    A Yes, without restriction B Yes, with any referral source C Yes, with paralegal staff D No, except with another advocate, based on an agreed principle of division of work
38. Question 38 of 50

    An advocate also works as a salaried manager at a private company while continuing to practise law. Which rule does this violate?

    A No rule; secondary employment is unrestricted B Rule 172 alone C Rule 175(1), which prohibits an advocate from being an active partner or salaried official of any organisation, public or private, while practising D Rule 154
39. Question 39 of 50

    Under Rule 148, may an advocate represent conflicting interests?

    A Yes, in family law matters only B Yes, if the interests are only loosely related C No D Yes, with full disclosure to both parties
40. Question 40 of 50

    Under Rule 156, is it proper for an advocate to assert in argument his personal belief in his client's innocence or the justice of the client's cause?

    A No, this is described as improper B Yes, if the client requests it C Yes, provided it is sincerely held D Yes, in criminal matters only
41. Question 41 of 50

    Under Rule 157, when an advocate is a witness for his client (other than as to merely formal matters), what should he generally do?

    A Withdraw from the matter entirely B Testify only after the verdict is delivered C Leave the trial of the case to other advocates D Continue to conduct the trial himself without restriction
42. Question 42 of 50

    What is it the duty of every advocate to uphold at all times, under Rule 134?

    A Only the financial interests of his firm B Only the wishes of his current client C The dignity and high standing of his profession, as well as his own dignity and high standing as a member thereof D Only the opinions of senior colleagues
43. Question 43 of 50

    Both Rule 151 and Rule 170 touch on when an advocate may take up a case. What is the key distinction between them?

    A Rule 151 concerns advising commencement of a case without having been properly consulted, while Rule 170 concerns declining a cause intended merely to harass or injure B Rule 151 concerns fees, Rule 170 concerns court attire C They address identical situations with no meaningful distinction D Rule 151 applies to criminal matters only, Rule 170 to civil matters only
44. Question 44 of 50

    A client's funds are received by an advocate and deposited into the advocate's personal bank account alongside his own money. Which rule does this violate?

    A Rule 154 B No rule, provided the funds are eventually returned C Rule 150, which prohibits commingling client property with the advocate's own D Rule 141
45. Question 45 of 50

    Under Rule 144, where more than one advocate is engaged on the same side, who generally has the right to lead the case?

    A The advocate the court designates B The senior member, with junior members assisting, unless the senior wants otherwise C Whichever advocate was retained first, regardless of seniority D The junior member, for training purposes
46. Question 46 of 50

    Under Rule 137, may an advocate communicate about a matter in controversy with a party represented by another advocate?

    A Yes, at any time without restriction B Only in writing, never orally C Only through the court registrar D Not without the consent of, and in the absence of, that other advocate
47. Question 47 of 50

    Under Rule 156, to what is an advocate's professional duty said to be strictly limited?

    A Making submissions at the Bar consistently with the interest of the client B Securing the most lenient possible outcome regardless of merits C Following the client's personal instructions on legal strategy without question D Achieving victory for the client by any available means
48. Question 48 of 50

    Under Rule 154, what does this rule concern?

    A How court fees are calculated by the registrar B How Bar Council elections are conducted C How the fee of an advocate is to be determined D How a client may terminate representation
49. Question 49 of 50

    Under Rule 138, may an advocate communicate with or argue before a judge in the absence of opposing counsel, on the merits of a pending contested matter?

    A Yes, if the matter is urgent B No, except in open Court C Yes, provided it is done respectfully D Yes, with the judge's informal permission
50. Question 50 of 50

    Under Rule 157, when should an advocate testifying on behalf of his client generally be avoided?

    A Only in criminal matters B In all circumstances without exception C Except when essential to the ends of justice D Only where the opposing party objects

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