Qanoon e Shahadat Order 1984 Law GAT MCQs Mega Test

1. Question 1 of 300

   Every public officer having the custody of a public document, which any person has a right to inspect, must give that person a copy of it on demand along with a certificate that it is a true copy, generally called a:

   A Certified copy B Confession C Primary document D Dying declaration
2. Question 2 of 300

   Where the question is whether a person is alive or dead, and it is shown that he was alive within thirty years, the burden of proving that he is dead lies on the person who:

   A Affirms it B Denies it C Is a witness only D Is the accused only
3. Question 3 of 300

   The Court is bound to take judicial notice of facts such as all laws in force in Pakistan, and the course of proceedings of the Parliament and Provincial Assemblies, without requiring:

   A A public notary's attestation B Expert testimony C A certified copy in every instance D Any proof by the parties
4. Question 4 of 300

   Where an accused person, in the custody of a police officer, gives information leading to the discovery of a fact, so much of that information as distinctly relates to the fact discovered may be:

   A Proved only with the consent of the accused B Proved only after conviction C Never proved D Proved, whether it amounts to a confession or not
5. Question 5 of 300

   Any party to a suit or proceeding may call for and inspect any document in the possession of the adverse party, to which he is entitled to have access, and if he does not produce it after being called upon, and after notice, he cannot afterwards use it in evidence without the:

   A Permission of the investigating officer alone B Permission of the Bar Council C Court's leave D Consent of the adverse party or the leave of the Court
6. Question 6 of 300

   A confession made by an accused person is irrelevant if it appears to the Court to have been caused by any inducement, threat, or promise proceeding from a person in authority and sufficient, in the opinion of the Court, to give the accused reasonable grounds for supposing that by making it he would gain any advantage or avoid any:

   A Evil of a temporal nature in reference to the proceedings B Change of venue C Confusion D Delay in trial
7. Question 7 of 300

   Opinions of persons other than experts, as to the identity of handwriting, may be received where such persons are otherwise acquainted with the handwriting of the person alleged to have written the document, as distinguished from:

   A Judicial notice B Presumptions as to public documents C Documentary evidence generally D The specialized scientific opinion of a handwriting expert
8. Question 8 of 300

   A witness may be asked any question tending to test his veracity, to discover who he is and what is his position in life, or to shake his credit, even though such question may involve matter that is not directly relevant, but the Court has the power to disallow such questions if they are:

   A Related to the offence itself B Reasonably necessary for the purposes stated C Objected to by the complainant only D Indecent, scandalous, or intended merely to insult or annoy
9. Question 9 of 300

   The underlying principle for admitting a dying declaration, despite it being hearsay, is often expressed by the maxim that a person will not meet his:

   A Maker with a lie upon his lips B Lawyer with false information C Witness with contradictions D Creditor with a lie
10. Question 10 of 300

    A party who calls a witness may, with the Court's permission, be permitted to put questions to him which might be put in cross-examination by the adverse party, when the witness is found to be:

    A A public officer B An expert only C Adverse or hostile to the party calling him D Fully supporting his case as expected
11. Question 11 of 300

    Statements made by a person whose statement or act is a fact in issue, and which affect the liability of another person, are relevant if such statements are expressly referred to by that other person in a statement to a:

    A Foreign court B Newspaper C Non-judicial witness D Third person
12. Question 12 of 300

    Under the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, an 'admission' is a statement, oral or documentary, which suggests any inference as to a fact in issue or relevant fact, made by any of the persons specified and under the circumstances:

    A Mentioned as irrelevant B Hereinafter mentioned C Only in the presence of a Magistrate D Only after conviction
13. Question 13 of 300

    Where a confession is otherwise relevant, it does not become irrelevant merely because it was made under a promise of secrecy, or in consequence of a deception practised on the accused, or when he was:

    A Represented by counsel B Under any of the above circumstances, subject to law C Drunk D Convicted earlier
14. Question 14 of 300

    Under Article 2, 'evidence' includes all statements which the Court permits or requires to be made before it by witnesses, called:

    A Documentary evidence B Circumstantial evidence C Secondary evidence D Oral evidence
15. Question 15 of 300

    Under Article 2, 'facts in issue' means and includes any fact from which, either by itself or in connection with other facts, the existence, non-existence, nature or extent of any right, liability or disability asserted or denied follows as a matter of:

    A Custom only B Law C Legal opinion only D Executive order
16. Question 16 of 300

    Secondary evidence of the contents of a document may also be given when the original has been destroyed or lost, and this fact is:

    A Presumed conclusively without proof B Irrelevant to the mode of proof C Never allowed to be proved by oral evidence D Proved to the satisfaction of the Court
17. Question 17 of 300

    Where a number of documents are all made by one uniform process, such as printing or photography, each is primary evidence of the:

    A Original manuscript only B Contents of all the others C Contents of the rest D Certified copy alone
18. Question 18 of 300

    Under the general scheme of relevancy, facts which, though not in issue, are so connected with a fact in issue as to render its existence or non-existence probable are termed:

    A Judgments in rem B Facts in issue themselves C Relevant facts D Privileged communications
19. Question 19 of 300

    Public documents include documents forming the acts or records of the acts of the sovereign authority, official bodies, tribunals, and public officers, as well as public records kept in Pakistan of:

    A Only military matters B Private documents C Private and commercial matters generally, without qualification D Confessions of accused persons
20. Question 20 of 300

    Where a document is executed in counterpart, each counterpart being executed by one or some of the parties only, each counterpart is primary evidence as against the parties:

    A Only after the death of the executants B Who did not execute it C Executing it D Who are strangers to the transaction
21. Question 21 of 300

    'Secondary evidence' includes, among other things, certified copies, copies made from the original by mechanical processes, and copies compared with the:

    A Complainant's statement B Judgment of the trial court C Charge-sheet D Original
22. Question 22 of 300

    Statements, written or verbal, of relevant facts made by a person who is dead may become relevant when they relate to the cause of that person's death, commonly known as a:

    A Dying declaration B Judicial confession C Privileged communication D Character statement
23. Question 23 of 300

    Statements made by several persons expressing feelings relevant to the matter in question, though those persons cannot be called as witnesses, may become relevant, subject to statutory conditions being satisfied, under the exception for:

    A Estoppel by conduct B Presumptions of law C Statements by persons who cannot be called as witnesses D Public documents
24. Question 24 of 300

    A confession, to be relevant and usable, must relate to the:

    A Character of the accused generally B Facts in issue or relevant facts of the offence charged C Civil liability of a third party D Procedure of arrest only
25. Question 25 of 300

    Whoever desires any Court to give judgment as to any legal right or liability dependent on the existence of facts which he asserts must prove that those facts:

    A Were admitted by the other party B Are matters of judicial notice C Exist D Are irrelevant
26. Question 26 of 300

    Under the scheme of relevancy, facts forming part of the same transaction as a fact in issue, though not in issue themselves, are relevant if they are so connected with it as to form part of the:

    A Same res gestae B Judgment C Charge-sheet D FIR
27. Question 27 of 300

    No judge or magistrate is compellable to answer any questions as to his own conduct in Court as such, or as to anything which came to his knowledge in Court as such judge or magistrate, except upon the special order of a:

    A Investigating officer B Public Prosecutor C Superior court D Complainant
28. Question 28 of 300

    Communications made between spouses during the marriage are generally protected, and neither spouse can, without the consent of the other, be compelled to disclose any such communication, unless the case falls within specified:

    A Exceptions, such as suits between the married persons or criminal proceedings by one against the other B Presumptions as to documents C Provisions relating to burden of proof D Provisions on judicial notice
29. Question 29 of 300

    Where a document is executed in several parts, each part is:

    A Only relevant with expert opinion B Primary evidence of the document C Secondary evidence of the whole D Irrelevant unless registered
30. Question 30 of 300

    A judgment in a criminal case convicting a person is generally not relevant in a subsequent civil suit as conclusive proof of the facts on which it was based, being subject to the:

    A Rule of estoppel by conduct B Rule against hearsay only C General rule of relevancy of judgments other than those specially declared relevant D Rule of privileged communications
31. Question 31 of 300

    Privileged professional communications between a legal adviser and client continue to be protected even after the employment has:

    A Ceased B Been terminated for misconduct only C Never existed D Been converted into a public document
32. Question 32 of 300

    The general presumption of judicial notice extends to matters such as the seals of courts and public offices in Pakistan, and the accession to office, names, titles and national flags of states, being facts considered:

    A Privileged and inadmissible B So well known as not to require formal proof C Irrelevant to any proceeding D Disputed and requiring formal proof in every case
33. Question 33 of 300

    A dying declaration is relevant in any proceeding in which the cause of that person's death comes into:

    A Dispute regarding property only B An appeal against acquittal only C Question D A civil suit for damages only
34. Question 34 of 300

    When any fact is especially within the knowledge of any person, the burden of proving that fact is upon:

    A That person B No one, since it is presumed C The prosecution alone in every case D The court itself
35. Question 35 of 300

    A witness is not excused from answering a question relevant to the matter in issue merely on the ground that the answer may:

    A Be self-serving B Establish that he owes a debt or is otherwise subject to a civil suit C Involve a public document D Incriminate him of an offence, subject to protection against subsequent use of a compelled answer as evidence against him in a criminal proceeding
36. Question 36 of 300

    If an impression caused by any inducement, threat or promise in reference to a charge has, in the opinion of the Court, been fully removed before a confession is made, such confession is:

    A Only relevant in summary trials B Always irrelevant C Relevant D Only relevant against co-accused
37. Question 37 of 300

    The existence of any state of mind, such as intention, knowledge, good faith, negligence, or of any state of body or bodily feeling, is treated as relevant when the existence of such state of mind or body is:

    A Itself in issue or relevant B Only relevant if admitted C Only relevant in criminal cases D Irrelevant to the case
38. Question 38 of 300

    The credit of a witness may also be impeached by proof of former statements inconsistent with any part of his evidence, this generally being introduced by:

    A Confronting him with the prior inconsistent statement B Producing a certified copy of a public document only C An expert opinion D A dying declaration
39. Question 39 of 300

    The examination of a witness, subsequent to the cross-examination, by the party who called him, is called his:

    A Preliminary examination B Examination-in-chief C Cross-examination D Re-examination
40. Question 40 of 300

    The protection for professional communications does not extend to any communication made in furtherance of any:

    A Illegal purpose, or to any fact observed showing that a crime or fraud has been committed since the commencement of employment B Civil suit C Legitimate defence D Appeal
41. Question 41 of 300

    The burden of proof as to any particular fact lies on the person who wishes the Court to believe in its existence, unless it is provided by law that the proof of that fact shall lie on any:

    A Witness only B Public officer only C Particular person D Expert only
42. Question 42 of 300

    Secondary evidence also includes counterparts of documents as against parties who did not execute them, and oral accounts of the contents of a document given by:

    A A stranger with no knowledge of it B Some person who has himself seen it C The Magistrate recording confession D The investigating officer only
43. Question 43 of 300

    The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 mainly replaced which earlier law of evidence in Pakistan?

    A The Evidence Act, 1872 B The Limitation Act, 1908 C The Contract Act, 1872 D The Cr.P.C., 1898
44. Question 44 of 300

    The comparison of a disputed signature, writing, or seal with one admitted or proved to the satisfaction of the Court to have been made by the same person may be made by a witness or by the Court itself, this being the rule on:

    A Presumption of genuineness of certified copies B Exclusion of oral by documentary evidence C Judicial notice D Comparison of signature, writing or seal
45. Question 45 of 300

    The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 applies to:

    A All judicial proceedings in or before any court, including courts-martial where applicable B Only proceedings before the High Court C Only criminal proceedings D Only civil proceedings
46. Question 46 of 300

    Estoppel arises when one person has, by his declaration, act or omission, intentionally caused or permitted another person to believe a thing to be true and to act upon such belief, such person is not allowed, in any proceeding between himself and such other person, to:

    A Deny the truth of that thing B Change his advocate C Withdraw his pleadings D Appeal the judgment
47. Question 47 of 300

    Facts showing the motive or preparation for any fact in issue or relevant fact are treated as:

    A Irrelevant in every case B Conclusive proof of guilt C Admissible only in civil cases D Relevant
48. Question 48 of 300

    The Court may presume the existence of certain facts, such as the genuineness of a certified copy of a document, under the provisions relating to:

    A Privileged communications B Presumptions as to documents C Estoppel D Judicial notice
49. Question 49 of 300

    The Judge may, in order to discover or obtain proper proof of relevant facts, ask any question he pleases, in any form, at any time, of any witness or of the parties, this being an inherent power of the Judge to:

    A Delegate to the investigating officer B Convict without evidence C Put questions to the witnesses himself D Refuse cross-examination altogether
50. Question 50 of 300

    Where facts referred to in a document are proved to be equally applicable to several distinct sets of circumstances, evidence may be given to show which one was actually meant, since otherwise the document would be:

    A Void for repugnancy without such evidence being permitted B Treated as a public document C Automatically presumed genuine D Conclusively proved against the maker
51. Question 51 of 300

    An extra-judicial confession is a confession made to a person other than a:

    A Magistrate or Court in the course of judicial proceedings B Relative C Neighbour D Friend
52. Question 52 of 300

    The provision on improper admission and rejection of evidence reflects a broader principle of the law of evidence and procedure that substance should prevail over:

    A The rule against hearsay B Public policy in every case C The presumption of innocence D Form, where no real prejudice or failure of justice has resulted
53. Question 53 of 300

    The existence of any state of things at any time is treated as relevant when the question is whether it continued to exist at a subsequent time, and it is generally shown that such a state of things:

    A Is of an ordinarily permanent character B Was recorded in a public document C Was admitted by the opposite party D Never exists in law
54. Question 54 of 300

    The Court may permit leading questions as to matters which are introductory or undisputed, or which have, in its opinion, already been sufficiently:

    A Objected to by the complainant B Disproved C Withdrawn by the witness D Proved
55. Question 55 of 300

    The burden of proving that any case of an accused person comes within one of the general exceptions in the Pakistan Penal Code lies on:

    A The prosecution, beyond reasonable doubt B The trial court suo motu C The accused, though the standard is preponderance of probability, not beyond reasonable doubt D No one, as it is presumed automatically
56. Question 56 of 300

    Facts necessary to determine the right or custom on which a right or liability depends are treated as:

    A Only relevant if reduced to writing B Relevant C Only relevant in criminal trials D Irrelevant
57. Question 57 of 300

    Where oral evidence refers to a fact which could be seen, it must be the evidence of a witness who says he:

    A Read about it in a newspaper B Assumed it happened C Saw it D Heard about it from someone else
58. Question 58 of 300

    Where a statute creates a presumption against the accused on proof of certain facts, the burden shifts to the accused to rebut it, but the standard required of him is generally lower than proof:

    A Beyond reasonable doubt, being satisfied on preponderance of probability B By an admission alone C By a mere balance of convenience D By judicial notice
59. Question 59 of 300

    The Court may presume that any book, published Gazette, or newspaper containing a notification, order or proceeding of the Government was so published by the authority of the:

    A Complainant B Government C Investigating officer D Private publisher only
60. Question 60 of 300

    A presumption of a valid marriage arises where a man and woman have long cohabited continuously as husband and wife and are treated as such by their friends and relations, this being a presumption:

    A Only applicable to registered marriages B Against marriage in every such case C In favour of marriage arising from prolonged cohabitation and repute D Only applicable in criminal proceedings
61. Question 61 of 300

    The general rule is that a witness compelled to answer an incriminating question is entitled to protection against that answer being used as evidence against him in any subsequent:

    A Appeal by the complainant only B Criminal proceeding, except a prosecution for giving false evidence C Departmental inquiry only D Civil suit for damages
62. Question 62 of 300

    The improper admission or rejection of evidence shall not, of itself, be a ground for a new trial or reversal of any decision, if it appears to the Court that, independently of the evidence objected to and admitted, there was sufficient evidence to justify the decision, or that, if the rejected evidence had been received, it ought not to have:

    A Been objected to B Varied the decision C Been recorded at all D Been shown to the witness
63. Question 63 of 300

    A witness is not incompetent merely because his credibility may be diminished, since the competency of a witness and the:

    A Nature of the offence are the same thing B Weight of his testimony are identical concepts C Character of the accused are the same thing D Weight to be given to his testimony are distinct matters
64. Question 64 of 300

    The examination of a witness by the party who calls him is called his:

    A Cross-examination B Impeachment C Examination-in-chief D Re-examination
65. Question 65 of 300

    For the presumption as to documents thirty years old to apply, the document must be produced from what is called:

    A The custody of the complainant only B Police custody only C Proper custody D Any custody whatsoever
66. Question 66 of 300

    Where two provisions overlap, such as the general rule requiring documents to be proved by primary evidence and the special rule allowing certified copies of public documents, the latter, being a specific exception, generally:

    A Is overridden by the general rule B Has no legal effect C Prevails over the general rule for public documents D Applies only to private documents
67. Question 67 of 300

    The order in which witnesses are produced and examined is regulated by the law and practice relating to civil and criminal procedure, and in the absence of any such law, by the:

    A Discretion of the investigating officer B Wishes of the accused alone C Discretion of the complainant D Discretion of the Court
68. Question 68 of 300

    Where oral evidence refers to a fact which could be heard, it must be the evidence of a witness who says he:

    A Heard it B Guessed it C Read about it D Was told about it by another witness
69. Question 69 of 300

    Oral evidence must, in all cases, be:

    A Given only in writing B Given only by experts C Direct D Hearsay in nature
70. Question 70 of 300

    The presumption of legitimacy is regarded as one of the strongest presumptions known to law and can only be displaced by:

    A Strong and conclusive evidence of non-access B Judicial notice alone C A bare denial by the husband D Mere suspicion
71. Question 71 of 300

    Leading questions may generally be asked in:

    A Examination-in-chief without restriction B Cross-examination C None of the stages of examination D Re-examination without restriction
72. Question 72 of 300

    A tenant of immovable property, or a person claiming through such tenant, is not permitted, during the continuance of the tenancy, to deny that the landlord had, at the beginning of the tenancy, a:

    A Confession recorded B Public document C Criminal record D Title to such immovable property
73. Question 73 of 300

    Under Article 2, 'fact' means and includes anything, state of things, or relation of things capable of being:

    A Only admitted by a party B Perceived by the senses C Only written down D Only proved by an expert
74. Question 74 of 300

    Admissions made by persons expressly referred to by a party to the suit are relevant against that party as:

    A Expert opinions B Judgments in rem C Character evidence D Admissions
75. Question 75 of 300

    No particular number of witnesses is, in the absence of any specific statutory provision otherwise, required for the proof of any fact, since evidence is to be:

    A Counted and not weighed B Ignored if uncorroborated C Weighed and not merely counted D Rejected if given by a single witness
76. Question 76 of 300

    Admissions are generally not conclusive proof of the matters admitted but may operate as:

    A Dying declarations B Estoppels C Judgments in rem D Confessions of guilt
77. Question 77 of 300

    A confession made by an accused cannot be used against a co-accused as substantive evidence unless it falls within the special rule for confessions of persons:

    A Who are witnesses only B Jointly tried for the same offence C Who are relatives D Never, under any circumstances
78. Question 78 of 300

    When a person is accused of any offence, the burden of proving the existence of circumstances bringing the case within any of the general exceptions, or within any special exception or proviso, is upon:

    A The prosecution B The complainant C The accused D The Magistrate
79. Question 79 of 300

    The rule of estoppel is founded on principles of equity and good conscience, being designed to prevent a party from:

    A Filing any suit at all B Approbating and reprobating, i.e. blowing hot and cold C Being represented by counsel D Recovering any damages whatsoever
80. Question 80 of 300

    Under Article 2, a fact is said to be 'not proved' when it is neither proved nor:

    A Admitted B In issue C Disproved D Relevant
81. Question 81 of 300

    Where the parties have deliberately put their contract into writing, oral evidence to add to, vary, or contradict its terms is generally:

    A Admissible only if the witness is an expert B Excluded, subject to the statutory exceptions C Admissible only after thirty years D Freely admissible
82. Question 82 of 300

    The Court may presume the genuineness of every document purporting to be the Gazette of Pakistan or the Official Gazette of a Province, and to have been published by the:

    A Provincial Assembly only B Police department C Authority of the Government D Bar Council
83. Question 83 of 300

    Statements made by an agent duly authorized by a party are relevant as admissions:

    A Never, since agency is irrelevant B Only against the agent personally C Only if in writing D Against the party by whom the agent is authorized
84. Question 84 of 300

    Facts, though not otherwise relevant, which support or are inconsistent with the opinion of experts, when such opinions are relevant, are also generally treated as:

    A Privileged B Conclusive proof C Irrelevant D Relevant
85. Question 85 of 300

    Statements made by persons from whom the parties to the suit have derived their interest in the subject-matter of the suit are relevant if made during the continuance of the interest of the:

    A Court B Investigating officer C Persons so making them D Public Prosecutor
86. Question 86 of 300

    In assessing character evidence in civil cases, courts generally confine such evidence to matters directly relevant to the:

    A Personal habits of the parties unrelated to the suit B Religious beliefs of the parties C Political opinions of the parties D Facts in issue affecting the amount of damages, where applicable
87. Question 87 of 300

    The presumption of genuineness attached to a certified copy of a public document exists to facilitate proof without requiring production of the:

    A Certified copy itself B Original record in every instance C FIR D Judgment
88. Question 88 of 300

    Statements made by persons who cannot be called as witnesses because they are dead, or cannot be found, or have become incapable of giving evidence, or whose attendance cannot be procured without unreasonable delay or expense, may become relevant as an:

    A Irrelevant fact in all cases B Admission by the opposite party C Exception to the rule against hearsay D Absolute bar to evidence
89. Question 89 of 300

    An accomplice is generally a competent witness against an accused person, and a conviction is not illegal merely because it proceeds upon the uncorroborated testimony of an:

    A Accomplice B Expert C Investigating officer D Public Prosecutor
90. Question 90 of 300

    Presumptions as to electronic records and digital signatures were incorporated into the law of evidence primarily to accommodate:

    A Modern developments in information technology B Oral testimony only C Character evidence only D Ancient documents only
91. Question 91 of 300

    A photocopy of a document, standing alone and without further proof of the circumstances permitting secondary evidence, is generally treated as:

    A Secondary evidence admissible only where the conditions for secondary evidence are satisfied B A public document automatically C Primary evidence D Conclusive proof of its contents
92. Question 92 of 300

    Admissions are relevant and may be proved as against the person who makes them or his:

    A Advocate alone B Court alone C Witnesses only D Representative in interest
93. Question 93 of 300

    Where the original of a document has been destroyed by an act of the party seeking to rely on secondary evidence of it, courts are generally cautious in allowing such secondary evidence, since a party should not benefit from his own:

    A Admission B Confession C Diligence D Wrongdoing or destruction of evidence
94. Question 94 of 300

    The competence of a child witness is determined not by age alone but by the Court's assessment of the child's ability to understand questions and give:

    A Rational answers B Leading answers only C Answers under oath only in every case D Written answers only
95. Question 95 of 300

    Statements made in the ordinary course of business, such as an entry in books kept in the ordinary course of business, may be relevant when made by a person who is dead or cannot be found, as they relate to the:

    A Occurrence of the acts to which they refer B Character of a party C Civil status of a witness D Guilt of the accused conclusively
96. Question 96 of 300

    The general preference for direct evidence over hearsay is aimed primarily at ensuring the:

    A Reduction of court fees B Reliability of the evidence and opportunity for cross-examination C Convenience of the police D Speed of trial only
97. Question 97 of 300

    The overarching purpose of the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984, taken as a whole, is to provide a coherent framework for determining what facts may be proved, how they may be proved, and upon whom the:

    A Burden of proving them lies B Power to arrest depends C Right of appeal depends D Court fees fall
98. Question 98 of 300

    The Court presumes the legitimacy of a child born during the continuance of a valid marriage between the mother and any man, or within a specified period after dissolution, the mother remaining unmarried, unless it can be shown that the parties had no access to each other at any time when he could have been:

    A Adopted B Begotten C Divorced D Married
99. Question 99 of 300

    The examination-in-chief of a witness is generally intended to elicit facts supporting the case of the party calling him, while cross-examination is generally intended to:

    A Introduce leading questions freely without restriction B Establish a confession C Only impeach the complainant's character D Test the truth, accuracy and credibility of the witness's testimony
100. Question 100 of 300

     An admission is a substantive piece of evidence though it is:

     A Conclusive and irrebuttable B Not conclusive and can be explained or shown to be erroneous C Always excluded as hearsay D Only relevant in matrimonial matters
101. Question 101 of 300

     Article 50 provides that all facts, except the contents of documents, may be proved by:

     A Documentary evidence only B Presumptions only C Judicial notice only D Oral evidence
102. Question 102 of 300

     A retracted confession, if otherwise true and voluntary, may still be acted upon by the Court, though as a matter of prudence courts generally look for:

     A No corroboration at all B A public document only C A dying declaration D Corroboration in material particulars
103. Question 103 of 300

     Presumptions as to documents are generally categorized as 'may presume', meaning the Court has:

     A Discretion whether or not to presume, regard being had to the circumstances B To always refuse the presumption C No discretion and must presume D To always refer the matter to an expert
104. Question 104 of 300

     For estoppel to apply, the representation must have been acted upon by the other party to his:

     A Complete indifference B Detriment, or such that his position was altered C Benefit in a subsequent unrelated suit D Advantage only
105. Question 105 of 300

     A dying declaration may be relied upon even if the declarant did not have a full opportunity to be cross-examined, because the underlying justification for admitting it is the special reliability attributed to statements made in expectation or circumstances of:

     A Death B Ordinary business dealings C A civil dispute D Financial loss
106. Question 106 of 300

     When the Court has to form an opinion as to the person by whom any document was written or signed, the opinion of any person acquainted with the handwriting of the person suspected to have written or signed it is a relevant fact, this being an example of the relevancy of the opinion of a:

     A Non-expert acquainted with the handwriting B Complainant only C Public Prosecutor D Judge
107. Question 107 of 300

     Grounds on which an expert bases an opinion, if not already deposed to by him, may be proved to test or support that opinion, and are relevant on the same principle as the:

     A Judgment itself B Dying declaration C Expert opinion D Confession of the accused
108. Question 108 of 300

     Where the original of a document is admitted or not disputed by the opposite party, courts have generally allowed reliance on a copy on the basis of such:

     A Estoppel by conduct B Judicial notice alone C Presumption of forgery D Admission or non-denial
109. Question 109 of 300

     The acceptor of a bill of exchange is not permitted to deny that the drawer had authority to draw such bill or to endorse it, this being an example of estoppel against the:

     A Court B Payee only C Acceptor D Drawer
110. Question 110 of 300

     For a dying declaration to be relevant, it is not necessary that the person making it should have been under a expectation of death, provided the statement relates to the:

     A Civil debt owed to him B Property dispute unrelated to death C Character of the accused D Cause of his death or the circumstances of the transaction resulting in his death
111. Question 111 of 300

     A presumption that the Court 'shall presume' a document, once the statutory conditions are met, differs from one it 'may presume' in that the former leaves:

     A No discretion, only rebuttal by contrary evidence B Only academic significance C Wider discretion to the Court D No legal effect at all
112. Question 112 of 300

     Where a witness's memory is refreshed by referring to a writing, that writing must, subject to the rules, be produced and shown to the adverse party if he requires it, and the adverse party may:

     A Cross-examine the witness on it B Object to the trial altogether C Demand a fresh FIR D Refuse to see it
113. Question 113 of 300

     The exclusion of oral evidence to vary a written contract does not prevent a party from proving a total absence of consideration, or that the contract itself is void or voidable for reasons such as fraud, mistake, or illegality, because such evidence does not seek to:

     A Prove a subsequent oral rescission only B Explain an ambiguous clause only C Establish a custom contrary to the contract D Vary the terms of a valid contract but attacks its very existence or validity
114. Question 114 of 300

     A dying declaration recorded by a Magistrate is generally given greater evidentiary weight than one recorded by a police officer because of the presumed:

     A Requirement of corroboration in every case without exception B Automatic conclusiveness in all circumstances C Absence of investigative bias and greater reliability D Irrelevance of medical evidence
115. Question 115 of 300

     Under Article 2, 'Court' includes all judges and magistrates, and all persons, except arbitrators, legally authorized to:

     A Prosecute offences B Appoint judges C Draft legislation D Take evidence
116. Question 116 of 300

     The presumption as to due execution of documents thirty years old is a rebuttable presumption, meaning it can be displaced by:

     A An estoppel only B No evidence whatsoever C Judicial notice alone D Evidence to the contrary
117. Question 117 of 300

     The examination of a witness by the adverse party is called his:

     A Committal B Re-examination C Examination-in-chief D Cross-examination
118. Question 118 of 300

     A public officer shall not be compelled to disclose communications made to him in official confidence when he considers that the public interest would suffer by the:

     A Publication of the Gazette B Retention of the document C Non-disclosure D Disclosure
119. Question 119 of 300

     A fact is relevant if it shows or constitutes a motive or preparation for any fact in issue or relevant fact, and preparation, in this sense, generally refers to the:

     A Actual commission of the act itself B Devising or arranging means necessary for the commission of an act C Judgment following conviction D Confession made after the act
120. Question 120 of 300

     In civil cases, the fact that the character of any person concerned is such as to render probable or improbable any conduct imputed to him is generally:

     A Conclusive proof of liability B Only relevant to prove motive in murder cases C Irrelevant, except as regards character affecting damages D Always relevant to prove liability
121. Question 121 of 300

     In criminal cases, the fact that the accused person has a bad character is generally irrelevant, unless evidence has been given that he has a good character, or the bad character is itself a:

     A Confession B Dying declaration C Judgment D Fact in issue
122. Question 122 of 300

     Statements made in an FIR by the complainant may be used as an admission against the complainant primarily to test his:

     A Credibility and consistency B Financial status C Character D Educational qualification
123. Question 123 of 300

     No advocate's clerk or interpreter employed in unambiguous professional confidence is compelled to disclose communications, this rule extending professional privilege to certain:

     A Complainants B Persons acting in the course of employment by the legal adviser C Investigating officers D Public officers
124. Question 124 of 300

     In a suit between husband and wife, one spouse is generally a competent witness against the other, subject to rules of:

     A Estoppel only B Character evidence only C Absolute incompetency in every case D Privileged communications during marriage
125. Question 125 of 300

     When a witness under cross-examination is confronted with a former written statement inconsistent with his testimony, and admits having made it, the inconsistency generally goes to the:

     A Validity of the charge itself B Registration of the document C Credibility of the witness D Jurisdiction of the Court
126. Question 126 of 300

     The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 extends to:

     A Only Sindh and Balochistan B Only Islamabad Capital Territory C Only Punjab D The whole of Pakistan
127. Question 127 of 300

     Corroboration of testimony, though not always mandatory, is generally required by courts as a matter of prudence in cases such as the testimony of an accomplice or a:

     A Witness whose statement is a judgment B Child witness or interested witness C Person proving a Gazette notification D Public officer producing a certified copy
128. Question 128 of 300

     Statements made by persons whose position or liability it is necessary to prove as against any party to the suit are, as against such party, relevant as:

     A Character evidence B Privileged communications C Conclusive proof D Admissions
129. Question 129 of 300

     Where a document mentions a date, but extrinsic evidence shows the parties actually meant a different date, evidence to that effect is permitted under the exception relating to:

     A Public documents generally B Character evidence C Documents whose language is unmeaning in reference to existing facts D Presumptions as to electronic records
130. Question 130 of 300

     The provisions on facts which need not be proved exist to promote judicial economy by avoiding formal proof of facts that are:

     A Already notorious, judicially noticeable, or admitted B Disputed and central to the case C Always confessions D Always privileged
131. Question 131 of 300

     Facts of which the Court will take judicial notice need not be:

     A Cross-examined upon B Proved C Disproved D Admitted separately
132. Question 132 of 300

     With respect to documents thirty years old, produced from proper custody, the Court may presume that the signature and every other part purporting to be in the handwriting of any particular person is in that person's handwriting, and that it was duly:

     A Forged B Executed and attested by the persons by whom it purports to be executed and attested C Registered but not executed D Destroyed
133. Question 133 of 300

     The rule about documents thirty years old from proper custody serves the interest of justice by recognizing the practical:

     A Impossibility of calling witnesses to very old transactions B Irrelevance of old documents C Need to reject all old evidence D Presumption of forgery in old documents
134. Question 134 of 300

     Although the Judge may put any question he pleases, the judgment must be based upon facts declared by the Order to be relevant, and duly:

     A Admitted only by the accused B Proved C Presumed only D Disregarded
135. Question 135 of 300

     Article 16 relates to the relevancy of the existence of a course of business as bearing on the question whether a particular act was:

     A Voidable B Malicious C Done D Compoundable
136. Question 136 of 300

     The presumption as to legitimacy of a child born during a valid marriage can be rebutted by proof of non-access between the spouses at the:

     A Time of divorce only B Time of the child's birth only C Time when the child could have been begotten D Time of the marriage ceremony
137. Question 137 of 300

     When the question is whether an act was done by mistake or accident, evidence of similar occurrences showing that the act formed part of a series of similar occurrences may be:

     A Only relevant to civil suits B Relevant to negate accident or mistake C Always excluded regardless of relevance D Conclusive of intention alone
138. Question 138 of 300

     The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 was promulgated as:

     A An Act of Parliament B A Provincial Ordinance C A Supreme Court Rule D A President's Order
139. Question 139 of 300

     The grounds on which an expert witness bases his opinion are, in addition to the opinion itself, generally treated as:

     A Conclusive B Inadmissible without cross-examination C Relevant D Irrelevant
140. Question 140 of 300

     Where the law directs the Court to presume a fact, it is bound to regard such fact as proved unless and until it is:

     A Disproved B Certified C Judicially noticed D Admitted
141. Question 141 of 300

     A party to a suit cannot be compelled to disclose any confidential communication which has taken place between him and his legal adviser, unless he:

     A Offers himself as a witness, in which case he may be compelled to disclose communications necessary to explain evidence which he has given, but not otherwise B Is a foreign national C Is represented by more than one advocate D Is a public officer
142. Question 142 of 300

     In cross-examination, questions as to credit that are scandalous or offensive in form, even if the facts inquired into occurred a long time ago, may be forbidden by the Court if it is of opinion that the imputation which they convey relates to matters so remote that the:

     A Truth of the imputation would not affect the credibility of the witness B Public Prosecutor must intervene C Witness must be discharged D Truth of the imputation would seriously affect the Court's opinion as to the credibility of the witness on the relevant point
143. Question 143 of 300

     A tenant who has been let into possession cannot dispute the landlord's title to the property so long as he has not surrendered his:

     A Right to appeal B Ownership C Possession, i.e. so long as the tenancy continues D Right to sue
144. Question 144 of 300

     A witness giving testimony as to a fact may state facts of his previous conduct, provided the statement was made at or about the time when the fact took place, which may be proved to corroborate his testimony, being the rule permitting proof of former statements to:

     A Establish a confession B Corroborate testimony as to any fact C Bind the Court conclusively D Automatically discredit the witness
145. Question 145 of 300

     A confession made to a police officer is, subject to limited statutory exceptions, generally:

     A Conclusive proof of guilt B Fully relevant against the accused C Not to be proved against the accused D Relevant only if recorded on video
146. Question 146 of 300

     The exclusion of oral evidence in favour of documentary evidence, where terms have been reduced to writing, promotes certainty in transactions by preventing:

     A The admissibility of expert evidence B Judicial notice of ambiguous terms C The presumption of genuineness of old documents D Parties from later asserting terms different from those recorded in writing
147. Question 147 of 300

     Article 1 of the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order provides for its short title and:

     A Creation of new courts B Repeal of the Constitution C Extent and commencement D Amendment of the Penal Code
148. Question 148 of 300

     Documents must be proved by primary evidence except in the cases mentioned where:

     A The document is a public document only B The witness is an expert C Secondary evidence may be given D The document is privileged
149. Question 149 of 300

     Under Article 2, a fact is said to be 'proved' when, after considering the matters before it, the Court believes it to exist or considers its existence so probable that a prudent man ought, under the circumstances, to act upon the supposition that it:

     A Exists B Is irrelevant C Is inadmissible D Does not exist
150. Question 150 of 300

     In civil cases, admissions are not relevant if they are made either upon an express condition that evidence of them is not to be given, or under circumstances from which the Court can infer that the parties agreed together that evidence of them should not be given, generally described as admissions made:

     A Under oath B Without prejudice C Before a Magistrate D Publicly
151. Question 151 of 300

     Any judgment, order or decree may be shown to be irrelevant or invalid if it was delivered by a court not competent to deliver it, or was obtained by:

     A An expert's opinion B A registered document C A public officer's certificate D Fraud or collusion
152. Question 152 of 300

     When more persons than one are tried jointly for the same offence and a confession made by one of them affecting himself and some other of such persons is proved, the Court may take that confession into consideration as against:

     A Only the maker of the confession B The complainant only C Such other person as well as the maker D No one, as it is hearsay
153. Question 153 of 300

     Where the prosecution proves the basic facts constituting an offence, the burden may shift to the accused to explain circumstances especially within his knowledge, but this does not relieve the prosecution of proving the:

     A Motive conclusively in every case B Character of the accused C Accused's defence D Foundational facts of the offence beyond reasonable doubt
154. Question 154 of 300

     In criminal cases, the fact that the accused person has a good character is:

     A Relevant only if he is a first-time offender B Relevant only in bailable offences C Relevant D Irrelevant
155. Question 155 of 300

     The Court shall presume every document purporting to be a certificate, certified copy, or other document declared by law to be admissible as evidence of a particular fact, to be:

     A Genuine, if duly certified in the manner required by law B Forged unless proved otherwise C Inadmissible D Only a private document
156. Question 156 of 300

     Where oral evidence refers to an opinion, or the grounds on which that opinion is held, it must be the evidence of the person who:

     A Is a stranger to the proceedings B Holds that opinion on the grounds stated C Is the investigating officer only D Merely repeats another's opinion
157. Question 157 of 300

     The Court may presume that any book which purports to be a book of reports of decisions of the courts of any country contains correct reports of such:

     A FIRs B Confessions C Dying declarations D Decisions
158. Question 158 of 300

     Where several persons are jointly interested in the subject-matter of a proceeding, an admission made by one is generally relevant against the others only if there is:

     A A joint interest and community of purpose shown B A prior conviction C No relationship at all D A dying declaration
159. Question 159 of 300

     The presumption regarding maps or plans made by government authority extends to their accuracy, but this presumption can be rebutted by showing:

     A That the map is thirty years old B That it concerns a private document C Specific inaccuracy in the map or plan D That it was published in a Gazette
160. Question 160 of 300

     In a suit for compensation for a breach of promise of marriage, the character of the plaintiff may be relevant to the:

     A Question of liability alone B Existence of the promise conclusively C Guilt of the defendant in a separate criminal case D Amount of damages recoverable
161. Question 161 of 300

     Oral evidence recounting the contents of a letter, when the letter itself is available and not shown to fall within any exception, is generally inadmissible because it violates the rule requiring:

     A Judicial notice of the letter B Corroboration by an expert C A dying declaration D Direct evidence and, for documents, primary evidence of contents
162. Question 162 of 300

     The examination and cross-examination must relate to relevant facts, but the cross-examination need not be confined to the facts to which the witness testified on his:

     A Examination-in-chief B Affidavit only C Written statement only D Re-examination
163. Question 163 of 300

     The parties or their agents shall not be permitted to raise objections to any question put by the Judge, nor, without the leave of the Court, to cross-examine any witness upon any answer given in reply to:

     A The complainant's own testimony B A question put by the Judge C A re-examination question only D A leading question
164. Question 164 of 300

     When there are multiple dying declarations by the same deceased which are inconsistent with one another, the Court is generally required to:

     A Carefully scrutinize them for reliability, consistency, and corroboration B Accept only the last one automatically C Accept only the first one without scrutiny D Reject all of them automatically
165. Question 165 of 300

     Leading questions, i.e. questions suggesting the answer which the person putting it wishes or expects to receive, may not, if objected to by the adverse party, be asked in:

     A Examination-in-chief or in re-examination, except with the permission of the Court B Any stage of the trial whatsoever C The recording of a dying declaration only D Cross-examination
166. Question 166 of 300

     Under Article 2, a fact is said to be 'disproved' when the Court believes it does not exist or considers its non-existence so probable that a prudent man ought to act upon the supposition that it:

     A Exists B Is admitted C Is relevant D Does not exist
167. Question 167 of 300

     The Court may presume that any document purporting to be a record of evidence taken in a judicial proceeding, and purporting to be signed by a judge or Magistrate, was:

     A Never actually taken B Duly taken and recorded C Signed by an unauthorized person D Signed under coercion
168. Question 168 of 300

     A witness may be cross-examined as to previous statements made by him in writing, or reduced into writing, and relevant to matters in question, without such writing being shown to him, but if it is intended to contradict him by the writing, his attention must, before the writing can be proved, be called to those parts of it which are to be used for the purpose of:

     A Proving a public document B Contradicting him C Impeaching the complainant D Corroborating him
169. Question 169 of 300

     An admission of execution by the party against whom an attested document is sought to be proved is generally sufficient proof of its execution as against him, even though it is a document required by law to be:

     A Stamped only B Notarized only C Registered only D Attested
170. Question 170 of 300

     Local usage or trade custom may be relevant to annex incidents to a written contract that are not repugnant to or inconsistent with its:

     A Express terms B Stamp duty C Attestation D Registration
171. Question 171 of 300

     The rule excluding oral evidence to contradict a written document is subject to an exception permitting proof of any separate oral agreement constituting a condition precedent to the attaching of any obligation under the:

     A Public document B Contract, grant, or disposition of property C Dying declaration D Confession
172. Question 172 of 300

     Certified copies of public documents may be produced in proof of the contents of the public documents or parts of the public documents of which they purport to be:

     A Confessions only B Copies C Translations only D Judgments only
173. Question 173 of 300

     Facts admitted by the parties, or which they agree to admit at the hearing, or which before the hearing they agree in writing to admit, need not be:

     A Recorded B Proved C Disproved separately D Cross-examined
174. Question 174 of 300

     Article 3 provides that evidence may be given in any proceeding of the existence or non-existence of every fact in issue and of such other facts as are declared to be:

     A Relevant B Presumed C Privileged D Conclusive
175. Question 175 of 300

     Burden of proof provisions apply equally in civil and criminal matters, though the standard of proof differs, being 'beyond reasonable doubt' in criminal cases and 'preponderance of:

     A Probability' in civil cases B Custom' in civil cases C Character' in civil cases D Motive' in civil cases
176. Question 176 of 300

     Evidence of a custom or usage which would render a document illegal is generally:

     A Admissible under all circumstances B Conclusive proof of the custom C Not admissible D Irrelevant to the exclusionary rule
177. Question 177 of 300

     No magistrate or police officer shall be compelled to say whence he got information as to the commission of any offence, and no revenue officer shall be compelled to say whence he got information as to the commission of any offence against the public:

     A Revenue B Trust C Order D Peace
178. Question 178 of 300

     Where a witness is asked whether he has been previously convicted of an offence, he is generally bound to answer, and if he denies it, evidence may be given to prove the:

     A Character of the complainant B Existence of a public document C Contrary, i.e. the previous conviction D Motive of the accused
179. Question 179 of 300

     Secondary evidence may be given of the contents of a document when the original is of such a nature as not to be easily:

     A Registered B Movable C Understood D Signed
180. Question 180 of 300

     If a document is required by law to be attested, it cannot be used as evidence until at least one attesting witness has been called to prove its execution, subject to certain exceptions, being the rule for:

     A Proof of public documents only B Presumption of due execution generally C Proof of execution of documents required by law to be attested D Proof of unattested documents
181. Question 181 of 300

     The rule allowing statements by persons who cannot be called as witnesses is essentially an exception to the general prohibition on:

     A Character evidence B Expert opinion C Documentary evidence D Hearsay evidence
182. Question 182 of 300

     If a question relates to a matter not relevant to the suit except in so far as it affects the credit of the witness, the Court will decide whether or not the witness shall be compelled to answer, having regard to the extent to which the imputation affects the witness's credit and the:

     A Importance of his evidence B Availability of a stenographer C Length of the trial so far D Wishes of the complainant
183. Question 183 of 300

     A statement made by a deceased person as to the existence of any relationship between persons, made before the question in dispute arose, may be relevant when the statement was made by a person having special means of:

     A Financial interest B Legal training C Knowledge of that relationship D Political influence
184. Question 184 of 300

     Entries in books of account, including electronic records, regularly kept in the course of business are, in themselves, generally treated as:

     A Presumptive proof of forgery B Relevant but not sufficient alone to charge a person with liability C Conclusive proof of a liability, without more D Irrelevant
185. Question 185 of 300

     Facts which are the cause or effect of relevant facts, immediately or otherwise, are treated as:

     A Only relevant with leave of the High Court B Privileged C Irrelevant D Relevant
186. Question 186 of 300

     Witnesses shall first be examined-in-chief, then, if the adverse party so desires, cross-examined, and then, if the party calling him so desires,:

     A Recalled by the Court suo motu B Re-examined C Discharged without further questions D Committed for perjury
187. Question 187 of 300

     Under Article 2, a fact is said to be 'relevant' to another when it is connected with the other in any of the ways referred to in the provisions relating to:

     A Estoppel B The relevancy of facts C Presumptions only D Burden of proof only
188. Question 188 of 300

     The Court may presume that a power of attorney, purporting to have been executed before, and authenticated by, a Magistrate, Notary Public or Pakistan diplomatic officer, was so:

     A Executed and authenticated B Forged C Registered elsewhere D Cancelled
189. Question 189 of 300

     Under the rule governing admissions, statements made by a person in occupation of property, as to the boundaries or extent of that property, may be relevant as against persons claiming through:

     A The investigating officer B The Court C The Magistrate D Him
190. Question 190 of 300

     A person of unsound mind is not incompetent to testify unless he is prevented by his unsoundness of mind from understanding the questions put to him and:

     A Testifying against relatives B Answering only leading questions C Giving rational answers to them D Testifying in civil cases only
191. Question 191 of 300

     A person who came upon immovable property by the licence of the person in possession is not permitted to deny that such person had, at the time when the licence was given, a:

     A Marriage certificate B Power to grant the licence C Judgment against him D Confession
192. Question 192 of 300

     Statements protected by professional privilege between an advocate and his client belong, in essence, to the:

     A Court, which decides waiver B Public Prosecutor C Client, and can generally be waived only with the client's consent D Advocate, who may waive them at will
193. Question 193 of 300

     Presumptions as to documents, generally, operate to shift the burden onto the party disputing the document to lead evidence:

     A That is irrelevant B Rebutting the presumption C Of judicial notice only D Of character only
194. Question 194 of 300

     Where a fact is peculiarly within the knowledge of the accused, such as possession of a licence, the burden to prove that fact, once the prosecution shows the basic ingredients, may lie on the:

     A Investigating officer alone B Prosecution exclusively C Accused D Complainant's counsel
195. Question 195 of 300

     The existence of any judgment, order or decree which by law terminates any proceeding is a relevant fact when the question is whether such court is legally:

     A Bound to acquit B Constituted C Bound to convict D Bound to award costs only
196. Question 196 of 300

     Oral evidence to show a subsequent oral agreement to rescind or modify a written contract is generally:

     A Never admissible under any circumstances B Only admissible if the contract is a public document C Admissible, since it does not vary the original contract but shows its discharge or modification by later agreement D Only admissible if it favours the plaintiff
197. Question 197 of 300

     Evidence of specific instances of a person's conduct is generally more restricted than evidence of general reputation when proving:

     A Signature B Character C Handwriting D Age
198. Question 198 of 300

     The general rule is that admissions must relate to facts and not to mere:

     A Statements of law or opinion B Statements about date C Statements about identity D Statements about signatures
199. Question 199 of 300

     A statement of an admission may be proved by or on behalf of the person making it under the general rule that a person cannot create evidence for himself, subject to certain exceptions such as when it is a statement relevant otherwise than as an:

     A Expert opinion B Judgment C Admission D Confession
200. Question 200 of 300

     The Court may presume that maps or plans purporting to be made by the authority of the Government were so made, and are:

     A Accurate B Irrelevant C Only privileged communications D Inaccurate unless proved otherwise
201. Question 201 of 300

     Where a document has been drawn up in such a manner that it applies equally to more than one set of existing facts, and the meaning is doubtful, this is generally described as a:

     A Patent ambiguity that cannot be resolved by extrinsic evidence B Latent ambiguity that may be explained by extrinsic evidence C Conclusive proof of forgery D Presumption against the document
202. Question 202 of 300

     Secondary evidence may be given of a public document, since a certified copy of it may be given in evidence in preference to:

     A Expert opinion only B Primary evidence C Oral testimony only D Any other secondary evidence
203. Question 203 of 300

     In criminal cases, the general burden of proving the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt lies upon the:

     A Defence counsel B Complainant's family only C Accused D Prosecution
204. Question 204 of 300

     The burden of proof throughout a criminal trial normally never shifts from the prosecution, though there may be a shifting of the onus on specific:

     A The Court's own findings B Every fact in issue, without exception C The complainant's assertions alone D Facts especially within the accused's knowledge or exceptions he seeks to invoke
205. Question 205 of 300

     In cases in which the previous good or bad conduct of a person is relevant, the fact of his previous conviction is also generally relevant as evidence of:

     A Bad character B Handwriting C Good character D Estoppel
206. Question 206 of 300

     Estoppel by conduct requires that the person estopped made a representation of fact, intending it to be acted upon, and that the other party acted upon it to his prejudice, being distinct from estoppel arising from a:

     A Confession of guilt B Dying declaration C Court's own judgment D Public document only
207. Question 207 of 300

     A fact which is the occasion, cause or effect of a fact in issue or relevant fact is generally treated as:

     A Privileged B Irrelevant C Inadmissible without corroboration D Relevant
208. Question 208 of 300

     If a court is uncertain about a fact of which it might otherwise take judicial notice, a person called upon to assist the court may be required to produce a book or document for the court's:

     A Reference and aid B Approval to publish C Signature D Cross-examination
209. Question 209 of 300

     Statements as to a fact of public or general interest, made by persons likely to be aware of the matter and before controversy arose, may be relevant to prove the existence of such:

     A Judgment B Right or custom C Confession D Character
210. Question 210 of 300

     An entry in a public or official record made by a public servant in the discharge of his official duty is relevant as a statement of the:

     A Motive of the accused B Guilt of the accused conclusively C Fact stated therein D Character of the parties
211. Question 211 of 300

     Oral admissions as to the contents of a document are generally not relevant unless the party proposing to prove them shows that he is entitled to give secondary evidence of the contents of such document, or the genuineness of a produced document is in:

     A The FIR B A privileged communication C A judgment D Question
212. Question 212 of 300

     The previous or subsequent conduct of any party, or of any person an offence against whom is the subject of the proceeding, is relevant if such conduct influences or is influenced by any fact in:

     A A judgment of acquittal only B Issue or relevant fact C A privileged communication D A newspaper report
213. Question 213 of 300

     Proof of documents by production of certified copies is intended to avoid the inconvenience of requiring the production of the:

     A Original public record in every case B Certified copy itself C FIR D Charge-sheet
214. Question 214 of 300

     No evidence of any oral agreement or statement shall be admitted for the purpose of contradicting, varying, adding to, or subtracting from the terms of a document, except to prove a matter such as fraud, mistake, or a separate oral agreement on a matter on which the document is:

     A Complete and unambiguous B Registered C Attested D Silent, and which is not inconsistent with its terms
215. Question 215 of 300

     Evidence may be given to show in what manner the language of a document is related to existing facts, when a document refers to facts, and it is necessary to identify the persons or things meant, so as to apply the:

     A Rule of estoppel B Presumption of genuineness C Rule against hearsay D Words used to the existing facts
216. Question 216 of 300

     Evidence of similar facts is generally admitted with caution, being relevant chiefly where it tends to prove a system, a particular intention, or the absence of:

     A A public document B Accident or mistake C Any admission D Any confession
217. Question 217 of 300

     Facts which show the existence of any custom or right, and particular instances in which the right was recognized, are relevant when the question is one of:

     A Existence of a general right or custom B Presumption of legitimacy C Estoppel by record D Character alone
218. Question 218 of 300

     A statement forming part of a longer statement, conversation, or document is relevant as an admission only if it is required to make intelligible the sense of:

     A The FIR alone B That part of the statement, conversation or document C The judgment of the trial court D Any other document in the record
219. Question 219 of 300

     When a witness is asked a question which he refuses to answer, and the Court is of opinion that he ought to answer, the Court may issue directions and, if disobeyed, may record the refusal and proceed to deal with it as it thinks fit, generally treating it as:

     A Proof of the fact denied B Grounds to discharge the jury C Contempt of Court D An acquittal of the accused
220. Question 220 of 300

     Presumptions relating to burden of proof, such as those of legitimacy and marriage, generally serve important social objectives, but remain:

     A Rebuttable by sufficiently cogent evidence B Irrebuttable in all circumstances C Applicable only in criminal law D Applicable only to public documents
221. Question 221 of 300

     No one shall be permitted to give any evidence derived from unpublished official records relating to any affairs of State, except with the permission of the officer at the head of the:

     A Police department B Court itself, without reference to government C Bar Council D Department concerned, who has discretion to give or withhold such permission
222. Question 222 of 300

     The general principle 'he who asserts must prove' is subject to modification where the assertion relates to a negative fact that is difficult to prove and the corresponding positive fact is within the:

     A Court's own knowledge B Complainant's imagination C Special knowledge of the opposite party D Public record exclusively
223. Question 223 of 300

     The rule permitting proof of execution of an attested document by admission of the executant, without calling the attesting witness, does not dispense with the requirement of attestation itself where attestation is:

     A Irrelevant to the document B Only required for public documents C Only required for electronic records D Mandatorily required by the substantive law governing that document
224. Question 224 of 300

     Confessions, being a species of admission, are substantive evidence and may form the sole basis of conviction if the Court is satisfied it is:

     A True and voluntary B Recorded by police only C Made anonymously D Made under threat
225. Question 225 of 300

     The rationale for excluding confessions made to a police officer is primarily to guard against:

     A Possible coercion or fabrication while in police custody B Excessive documentation C Loss of court fees D Delay in trial
226. Question 226 of 300

     In civil suits, the initial burden of proof lies on the plaintiff, but once he establishes a prima facie case, the burden may shift onto the:

     A Public Prosecutor B Court to decide suo motu C Investigating officer D Defendant to rebut it
227. Question 227 of 300

     No one who is or has been an advocate is permitted, unless with his client's express consent, to disclose any communication made to him in the course of, and for the purpose of, his employment, this being the rule of:

     A Professional communications B Privileged communications between spouses C Judicial privilege D State privilege
228. Question 228 of 300

     When the Court has to form an opinion upon a point of foreign law, science or art, or as to identity of handwriting or finger impressions, the opinions of persons specially skilled in that field are relevant, commonly called opinions of:

     A Experts B Character witnesses C Investigating officers only D Interested parties
229. Question 229 of 300

     An admission made by one of several parties suing or sued jointly, regarding a matter in question, is generally relevant against:

     A The complainant only B The Court only C That party alone, not the co-parties, in the ordinary rule D All co-parties without exception
230. Question 230 of 300

     Under Article 2, 'document' means any matter expressed or described upon any substance by means of letters, figures or marks intended to be used, or which may be used, for the purpose of:

     A Taxation only B Recording that matter C Sale only D Punishment only
231. Question 231 of 300

     Facts admitted in the pleadings of a civil suit generally need not be proved at trial because such admissions dispense with the need for:

     A Formal proof of those specific facts B The framing of issues C Any judgment at all D Cross-examination on unrelated facts
232. Question 232 of 300

     Facts otherwise irrelevant become relevant if they are inconsistent with any fact in issue or relevant fact, or if by themselves or in connection with other facts they make the existence or non-existence of any fact in issue or relevant fact highly:

     A Probable or improbable B Improbable in every case C Irrelevant to the charge D Presumed conclusively
233. Question 233 of 300

     'Primary evidence' means the document itself produced for the:

     A Inspection of the Court B Custody of the police C Signature of a witness D Filing of an appeal
234. Question 234 of 300

     A bailee or licensee is not permitted to deny that his bailor or licensor had, at the time when the bailment or licence commenced, authority to make such:

     A Public document B Bailment or grant such licence C Presumption D Confession
235. Question 235 of 300

     All persons are generally competent to testify unless the Court considers that they are prevented from understanding the questions put to them, or from giving rational answers, by reason of:

     A Their gender B Their religion C Their occupation D Tender years, extreme old age, disease of body or mind, or any other similar cause
236. Question 236 of 300

     The distinction between 'burden of proof' and 'onus of proof' is often explained as the former being fixed by the pleadings and remaining constant, while the latter:

     A Is fixed permanently on the accused B Shifts as evidence is led during the trial C Is fixed permanently on the plaintiff D Never exists in law
237. Question 237 of 300

     An opinion expressed by a person as to identity of finger impressions is treated under the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order in the same manner as opinions upon:

     A Handwriting given by experts B Estoppel by conduct C Character of a party D Presumptions of legitimacy
238. Question 238 of 300

     An electronic document or record, to be admissible under the modern amendments to the law of evidence, generally requires proof in accordance with the special provisions relating to:

     A Only public documents B Only privileged communications C Electronic documents and digital signatures D Only oral evidence
239. Question 239 of 300

     The Court may presume that a message forwarded from a telegraph office to the person to whom it purports to be addressed corresponds with a message delivered for transmission, but the Court may not make any presumption as to the person by whom such message was:

     A Read B Delivered for transmission C Filed D Received
240. Question 240 of 300

     A document more than thirty years old need not be independently proved to be genuine if it comes from proper custody, because the law dispenses with the ordinary requirement of calling the:

     A Certified copy B Public Prosecutor C Attesting or executing witnesses, who may no longer be traceable D Investigating officer
241. Question 241 of 300

     When the language used in a document is plain in itself, but is unmeaning in reference to existing facts, evidence may be given to show that it was used in a peculiar sense, which is an exception to the general rule against:

     A Excluding evidence to explain or amend ambiguous documents B Presuming genuineness of documents C Documentary evidence D Admitting expert opinion
242. Question 242 of 300

     Where a person has not been heard of for seven years by those who would naturally have heard of him if he had been alive, the burden of proving that he is alive shifts to the person who:

     A Is a public officer B Denies that he is alive C Affirms that he is alive D Is the investigating officer
243. Question 243 of 300

     Proof of other official documents, such as the proceedings of the legislature or gazette notifications, may be made by reference to the appropriate:

     A Gazette or other official publication B Newspaper report only C Private register D Oral testimony of a stranger
244. Question 244 of 300

     Any witness may, while under examination, refresh his memory by referring to any writing made by himself at the time of the transaction concerning which he is questioned, or so soon afterwards that the Court considers it likely the transaction was:

     A Fresh in his memory B Forgotten by him C Not relevant at all D Fabricated afterwards
245. Question 245 of 300

     Oral testimony of a witness recounting what a document contained, when the document itself is available, is generally excluded because of the rule preferring:

     A Expert opinion B Documentary evidence over oral evidence of its contents C Hearsay evidence D Character evidence
246. Question 246 of 300

     When the terms of a contract, grant or other disposition of property have been reduced to the form of a document, no evidence shall be given in proof of the terms of such contract, grant or disposition except the document itself, or secondary evidence of its contents where admissible, this being the rule on:

     A Exclusion of oral evidence to explain ambiguous documents B Admissions in civil cases C Judicial notice of contracts D Exclusion of evidence of terms of contracts reduced to writing
247. Question 247 of 300

     Where confessions of two or more co-accused, jointly tried for the same offence, are recorded separately but are consistent with and corroborate one another, courts may take such consistency into account as:

     A A relevant circumstance, subject to the usual caution regarding confessions of co-accused B Conclusive proof against all accused automatically C A ground to discharge the case entirely D Irrelevant, since confessions can never corroborate each other
248. Question 248 of 300

     Re-examination shall be directed to the explanation of matters referred to in cross-examination, and if new matter is introduced with the permission of the Court, the adverse party may further:

     A Cross-examine upon that matter B Object to the entire testimony C Demand a retrial D Re-examine the witness himself
249. Question 249 of 300

     Judicial notice may be taken of matters of common or notorious history, geography, or general scientific facts, being facts that are:

     A Only provable by expert testimony B Only provable by documentary evidence C Peculiarly within the knowledge of one party only D So notorious or clearly established that evidence of their existence is unnecessary
250. Question 250 of 300

     An admission by a predecessor-in-interest is relevant against a successor-in-interest if made:

     A Only after the predecessor's death B After the interest was transferred C During the continuance of the predecessor's interest D Only in a registered document
251. Question 251 of 300

     Documents which are not public documents are, under the Order, described as:

     A Admissions only B Private documents C Presumptions D Judgments
252. Question 252 of 300

     When the facts show that the language of a document, though plain, was intended to apply to only one of several persons or things, evidence may be given of facts showing which one was:

     A Irrelevant B Intended C A public document D Excluded by law
253. Question 253 of 300

     When the language of a document is ambiguous or defective on its face, oral evidence of the intention of the parties is generally:

     A Freely admissible in every case B Not admissible to remove a patent ambiguity C Only relevant in criminal cases D Conclusive proof of the parties' intention
254. Question 254 of 300

     A dying declaration can, if the Court is satisfied as to its truthfulness and voluntariness, form the:

     A Ground to quash the FIR automatically B Only ground for acquittal C Basis of a civil suit exclusively D Basis for conviction without any corroboration
255. Question 255 of 300

     If no attesting witness can be found, or if the document purports to have been executed in Pakistan or is registered and was executed before 1927 (subject to the applicable law), the document may be proved as if it were:

     A A confession B A public document C Unattested D A privileged communication
256. Question 256 of 300

     The credit of a witness may be impeached by proof that he has been bribed, or has accepted the offer of a bribe, or has received any other:

     A Certified copy B Legal notice C Corrupt inducement to give evidence D Summons
257. Question 257 of 300

     A witness's competency to testify is distinct from his compellability, since a person may be a competent witness yet, in certain circumstances such as privileged communications, not be:

     A Regarded as a party to the suit B Permitted to appear in Court at all C Permitted to take an oath D Compellable to disclose particular matters
258. Question 258 of 300

     Judgments delivered by courts of justice, other than those specifically declared relevant, in matters not falling within the special provisions of relevancy of judgments, are generally treated as:

     A Conclusive proof in all subsequent proceedings B Admissions binding on strangers to the suit C Public documents open to inspection only D Irrelevant to prove that the facts stated therein actually occurred
259. Question 259 of 300

     Facts bearing on the question whether an act was accidental or intentional, or done with a particular knowledge or intention, may include evidence that the accused has, on other occasions, done acts of a similar kind, which is generally treated as:

     A Always irrelevant B Relevant to that question C Admissible only against co-accused D Conclusive proof of guilt
260. Question 260 of 300

     The burden of proof in a suit or proceeding generally lies on the person who would:

     A Win if no evidence were given on either side B Fail if no evidence were given on either side C Be exempted from giving evidence D Be acquitted regardless of evidence
261. Question 261 of 300

     The existence of a course of dealing between parties, tending to explain or introduce a fact in issue, is treated similarly to facts showing:

     A Character alone B Judgment in rem C Estoppel by record D Course of business
262. Question 262 of 300

     The rule requiring primary evidence except in specified circumstances is designed to reduce the risk of:

     A Excessive litigation costs alone B Undue delay in trial only C Excessive judicial notice D Fraud, alteration, or inaccuracy in secondary reproductions
263. Question 263 of 300

     In questions as to whether persons are partners, landlord and tenant, or principal and agent, when the general relationship is shown to have existed, the burden of proving that it has ceased lies on the person who:

     A Is the Court B Affirms it has ceased C Denies it has ceased D Is a stranger to the relationship
264. Question 264 of 300

     No confession made by any person while in the custody of a police officer is relevant against him, unless it is made in the immediate presence of a:

     A Public Prosecutor B Magistrate C Advocate for the accused only D Complainant
265. Question 265 of 300

     Statements made by parties to a proceeding, or by their agents authorized in that behalf, are relevant as:

     A Admissions B Judgments C Expert opinions D Dying declarations
266. Question 266 of 300

     A presumption that a document is genuine because it is thirty years old and produced from proper custody does not extend to a presumption as to the:

     A Truth of the contents or recitals in the document B Fact that it was executed C Fact that it was attested, where attestation is shown D Handwriting of the person purporting to have executed it
267. Question 267 of 300

     Whether a fact requires proof, or is a matter for judicial notice, or has been admitted, is generally decided by the Court by reference to the:

     A Wishes of the complainant alone B Nature of the fact and the provisions on facts need not be proved C Preamble of the Order only D Personal opinion of the investigating officer
268. Question 268 of 300

     When the Court has to form an opinion as to relationship of one person to another, the opinion, expressed by conduct, of any person who has special means of knowledge on the subject, is treated as:

     A Irrelevant B Conclusive proof of relationship C Relevant D Only relevant in criminal proceedings
269. Question 269 of 300

     Secondary evidence may be given of the existence, condition or contents of a document when the original is shown or appears to be in the possession or power of the person against whom it is sought to be proved, and he, after notice, does not:

     A Produce it B Sign the document C Attest the document D Object to the trial
270. Question 270 of 300

     The requirement that oral evidence must be direct is essentially a statutory expression of the rule against admitting:

     A Hearsay evidence B Expert opinion C Confessions D Documentary evidence
271. Question 271 of 300

     Before recording a confession, a Magistrate is required to satisfy himself that it is being made:

     A Only after conviction B Under pressure from the police C Voluntarily, after explaining to the accused that he is not bound to make it D Only in the presence of the complainant
272. Question 272 of 300

     A witness may also refer to a document made by any other person, and read by the witness within the time aforesaid, if, when he read it, he knew it to be:

     A A public document only B Irrelevant C A privileged communication D Correct
273. Question 273 of 300

     Article 166 essentially embodies the principle that appellate courts should not interfere with a decision merely for a technical error in the admission or rejection of evidence unless it has caused a:

     A Failure of justice B Reduction in court fees C Change in venue D Delay in trial
274. Question 274 of 300

     Under Article 50, oral evidence in all cases whatever must be direct, subject to the special exceptions carved out for statements by persons who cannot be called as:

     A Experts B Public Prosecutors C Witnesses D Judges
275. Question 275 of 300

     A witness testifying that 'X told me that he saw the accused commit the offence' is, as to the commission of the offence, generally:

     A Direct and admissible evidence of the offence B Hearsay and not direct evidence of the offence C Conclusive proof of the offence D An admission by the accused
276. Question 276 of 300

     Article 52 provides that the contents of documents may be proved either by primary or by:

     A Secondary evidence B Circumstantial evidence C Character evidence D Judicial notice
277. Question 277 of 300

     Where two or more persons have engaged in a common intention to commit an offence, anything said, done or written by any one of them in reference to that common intention is a relevant fact against:

     A No one, as it is hearsay B Only the principal offender C Only the person who said or did it D Each of the persons so engaged
278. Question 278 of 300

     Under Article 2, 'evidence' also includes all documents produced for the inspection of the Court, called:

     A Documentary evidence B Direct evidence C Oral evidence D Hearsay evidence
279. Question 279 of 300

     Estoppel operates as a rule of evidence which prevents a party from asserting a fact contrary to what he has previously, by conduct or representation, led another to believe, and it is generally said that estoppel:

     A Creates substantive rights of its own B Is a rule of evidence and does not itself create substantive rights C Overrides all other rules of evidence absolutely D Applies only to criminal cases
280. Question 280 of 300

     No fact of which the Court will take judicial notice needs to be proved, but if the Court is called upon to take judicial notice of any fact, it may refer to appropriate:

     A Confessions B Books or documents of reference for its aid C Newspapers only D Hearsay statements
281. Question 281 of 300

     Where the existence of any right or custom is in question, particular instances in which the right or custom was claimed, recognized or exercised, or disputed, are generally:

     A Admissible only from public documents B Conclusive proof C Irrelevant D Relevant
282. Question 282 of 300

     A final judgment, order or decree of a competent court, in the exercise of probate, matrimonial, admiralty or insolvency jurisdiction, which confers or takes away any legal character, is relevant when the existence of such legal character is:

     A Already decided by a lower court B In issue C Admitted by both parties D Irrelevant to the proceeding
283. Question 283 of 300

     The rationale behind the rule against reversing decisions for improper admission or rejection of evidence, absent a failure of justice, is to prevent trials from being reduced to mere contests over:

     A The wording of the FIR alone B Technicalities of procedure rather than substantial justice C The character of the parties D The competency of the Judge
284. Question 284 of 300

     In suits for compensation, facts which afford grounds for believing the amount of damages sustained are treated as:

     A Presumed against the plaintiff B Relevant C Irrelevant D Privileged
285. Question 285 of 300

     Admissions of fact made before trial, whether by pleadings or otherwise, generally have the effect of dispensing with the need for:

     A Cross-examination on unrelated matters B Formal proof of the admitted fact at trial C The framing of a charge D Any judgment at all
286. Question 286 of 300

     A person invoking the estoppel arising from a licence or tenancy cannot do so unless he can show that he acted upon the representation of title or authority to his:

     A Advantage in a wholly unrelated transaction B Detriment or that his position was altered because of it C Benefit as a witness only D Benefit under a subsequent contract
287. Question 287 of 300

     The rule that a document required by law to be attested cannot be used as evidence unless an attesting witness has been called is subject to the exception that it does not apply if the execution is:

     A Only proved by a private witness B Admitted by the party executing it C Disputed by both parties D Only proved by a public officer
288. Question 288 of 300

     Statements as to the terms on which a document was reduced into writing, when the genuineness of the document is disputed, are relevant to the question of its:

     A Attestation only B Stamp duty C Registration only D Genuineness
289. Question 289 of 300

     When the question is whether a particular act was done, the existence of any course of business according to which it naturally would have been done is:

     A Only relevant with expert opinion B Irrelevant C Conclusive proof it was done D Relevant
290. Question 290 of 300

     Where a document is lost, before secondary evidence of its contents can be given, the party must show that reasonable search was made and the document could not be:

     A Stamped B Found C Registered D Attested
291. Question 291 of 300

     The burden of proving a fact always lies upon the person who asserts it affirmatively, and generally not on the person who:

     A Denies it B Is a co-accused C Is an expert witness D Admits it
292. Question 292 of 300

     Where the accused pleads a specific exception, such as the right of private defence, he is not required to prove it beyond reasonable doubt but merely to establish it on a:

     A Standard of absolute certainty B Preponderance of probability, or to raise a reasonable doubt as to the prosecution case C Standard identical to that required of the prosecution D Basis of judicial notice alone
293. Question 293 of 300

     The burden of proving that a will was validly executed, where its execution is disputed, generally lies upon the party who:

     A Is a stranger to the estate B Denies the will C Propounds or relies upon the will D Is the presiding Judge
294. Question 294 of 300

     As a matter of prudence, however, courts generally require the testimony of an accomplice to be corroborated in material particulars connecting the:

     A Complainant with a civil claim B Accused with the commission of the offence C Witness with a public document D Court with the judgment
295. Question 295 of 300

     Facts necessary to explain or introduce a fact in issue or relevant fact, or which support or rebut an inference suggested by such a fact, are generally treated as:

     A Relevant B Presumptive only C Conclusive D Irrelevant
296. Question 296 of 300

     In applying the rule on improper admission or rejection of evidence, the appellate court must consider whether excluding the objected evidence, or including the rejected evidence, would have led to a:

     A Different Bench composition B Different result on the merits C Change in the cause title D Change in court fees
297. Question 297 of 300

     Where the credit of a witness is sought to be impeached by proof of a former statement inconsistent with his present testimony, such prior statement, if reduced to writing, must be proved as a matter of:

     A Judicial notice B Privileged communication C Documentary evidence, in the manner otherwise required by law D Estoppel
298. Question 298 of 300

     Confessions are treated in the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order as a species of:

     A Admissions B Circumstantial evidence exclusively C Documentary evidence only D Expert opinion
299. Question 299 of 300

     A judicial confession recorded by a Magistrate in accordance with law carries a presumption of:

     A Automatic falsity B Voluntariness, if properly recorded following the required cautions C Inadmissibility D Irrelevance
300. Question 300 of 300

     The burden of proving any fact necessary to be proved in order to enable a person to give evidence of another fact lies on the person who wishes to give:

     A A confession B A dying declaration C An admission of the opposite party D Such evidence

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