Law GAT Mock Test 3

1. Question 1 of 100

   How many affirmative votes, including all permanent members, are required for Security Council substantive decisions?

   A Nine, including concurring votes of permanent members B Seven C Unanimous fifteen D Simple majority of any nine
2. Question 2 of 100

   Jerome Frank's famous realist work is titled:

   A Law and the Modern Mind B Pure Theory of Law C Ancient Law D The Concept of Law
3. Question 3 of 100

   Under Order XXXIX, Rule 2A, what may result from disobedience or breach of an injunction order?

   A Arrest of the person disobeying, attachment of their property, or both B Only a formal written warning C No legal consequence unless a separate suit is filed D Automatic dismissal of the disobedient party's suit
4. Question 4 of 100

   Compared to the earlier Zafar Ali Shah case, what does the Khan Asfandyar Wali case primarily focus on?

   A Re-examining whether the 1999 takeover itself was valid B Judicial appointments C The dissolution of provincial assemblies D Scrutinizing a specific law (NAB Ordinance) made by the military government, rather than the legality of the takeover itself
5. Question 5 of 100

   The Islamic law concepts of qisas and diyat, as incorporated into the provisions on hurt, allow the victim or his heirs, in appropriate cases, to seek retribution equivalent to the injury caused, or to accept:

   A Only a public apology B Only imprisonment of the offender C Compensation in lieu of qisas D No remedy whatsoever
6. Question 6 of 100

   Under Order I, is the plaintiff required to identify a single certain defendant before filing suit, even where genuinely uncertain which of several persons is liable?

   A Yes, the plaintiff must always choose one defendant at the outset B Yes, unless the High Court grants special leave C No, all such persons may be joined as defendants in the alternative D Yes, uncertainty as to the correct defendant bars any suit
7. Question 7 of 100

   A corporation aggregate is formed by the association of:

   A A number of natural persons united into one body B The State alone C Custom alone D A single natural person only
8. Question 8 of 100

   Ijma is generally ranked in authority:

   A Above the Sunnah but below the Quran only in some views, though majority place it third overall B Above the Quran C After the Quran and Sunnah, but before Qiyas D Equal to individual juristic opinion (Ijtihad) only
9. Question 9 of 100

   Robbery is essentially theft or extortion 'plus' an aggravating element, generally described as the use of, or attempt to use, force, fear, or restraint in order to commit the:

   A Public document only B Theft or extortion, or in carrying away or attempting to carry away property obtained by the theft C Judgment D Confession
10. Question 10 of 100

    A retracted confession, if otherwise true and voluntary, may still be acted upon by the Court, though as a matter of prudence courts generally look for:

    A No corroboration at all B A public document only C A dying declaration D Corroboration in material particulars
11. Question 11 of 100

    A losing party wishes to challenge a District Judge's order on the ground that the judge exceeded his jurisdiction, but no appeal lies from that order. What remedy under the CPC is most directly available?

    A An application under Section 47 alone B Revision under Section 115 C A fresh suit on the same cause of action D A reference under Section 113 alone
12. Question 12 of 100

    Facts necessary to explain or introduce a fact in issue or relevant fact, or which support or rebut an inference suggested by such a fact, are generally treated as:

    A Relevant B Presumptive only C Conclusive D Irrelevant
13. Question 13 of 100

    The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 extends to:

    A Only Sindh and Balochistan B Only Islamabad Capital Territory C Only Punjab D The whole of Pakistan
14. Question 14 of 100

    Whoever desires any Court to give judgment as to any legal right or liability dependent on the existence of facts which he asserts must prove that those facts:

    A Were admitted by the other party B Are matters of judicial notice C Exist D Are irrelevant
15. Question 15 of 100

    Which rule makes non-observance of Chapter XII's canons a form of professional misconduct?

    A Rule 175 B Rule 175-A C Rule 175-B D Rule 163
16. Question 16 of 100

    The compilation of the Quran into a single official written text (mushaf) is primarily associated with the caliphate of:

    A Mu'awiyah B Ali ibn Abi Talib alone C Umar ibn al-Khattab alone D Uthman ibn Affan (with earlier compilation efforts under Abu Bakr)
17. Question 17 of 100

    The overarching purpose of the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984, taken as a whole, is to provide a coherent framework for determining what facts may be proved, how they may be proved, and upon whom the:

    A Burden of proving them lies B Power to arrest depends C Right of appeal depends D Court fees fall
18. Question 18 of 100

    Which rule prohibits an advocate from representing conflicting interests?

    A Rule 148 B Rule 146 C Rule 145 D Rule 152
19. Question 19 of 100

    Under Order XLI, Rule 11, may an appellate court dismiss an appeal without first sending notice to the lower court, where the appellant fails to appear when the appeal is called on for hearing?

    A No, notice to the lower court is an absolute precondition in every case B No, only the Supreme Court may dismiss an appeal this way C Yes D No, dismissal without notice is never permitted under the Code
20. Question 20 of 100

    An appeal from a conviction by a Magistrate generally lies to the:

    A The complainant personally B Supreme Court directly in every case C Federal Shariat Court exclusively in every case D Court of Session
21. Question 21 of 100

    Under Order VIII, if a defendant does not specifically deny an allegation of fact in the plaint, nor state that it is not admitted, what is the general legal consequence?

    A The suit is automatically dismissed B The allegation is automatically struck out C The allegation shall be taken to be admitted, except as against a person under disability D The plaintiff must independently prove it regardless
22. Question 22 of 100

    Section 310 provides for the compounding of qatl-e-amd not liable to qisas, or where qisas has been waived or compounded, through payment of:

    A Arsh only B Civil damages only, as if for a tort C Diyat D Public fine to the State only
23. Question 23 of 100

    The power to search for and produce a wrongfully confined person under Chapter VII may be exercised by a Magistrate upon:

    A Only during an ongoing appeal B Information laid before him that such confinement exists C Only after a formal trial and conviction D Only upon the confined person's own written application
24. Question 24 of 100

    'Hudud' offences in Islamic law are those with punishments:

    A Determined solely by modern legislatures B Left entirely to judicial discretion C Fixed and prescribed by the Quran or Sunnah D Determined solely by local custom
25. Question 25 of 100

    Under Article 181(1), the President may appoint a qualified High Court judge to act temporarily as a Supreme Court judge when there is a vacancy or a judge is unable to perform duties; such appointment continues in force until:

    A The judge reaches retirement age B The Chief Justice independently terminates it C One year has elapsed automatically D Revoked by the President
26. Question 26 of 100

    Under Order XXXIX, Rule 1, what is one ground on which a temporary injunction may be granted?

    A The plaintiff simply requests it without any supporting ground B The property in dispute is in danger of being wasted, damaged, or alienated C The suit has been pending for over a year D The defendant has filed a written statement
27. Question 27 of 100

    No judge or magistrate is compellable to answer any questions as to his own conduct in Court as such, or as to anything which came to his knowledge in Court as such judge or magistrate, except upon the special order of a:

    A Investigating officer B Public Prosecutor C Superior court D Complainant
28. Question 28 of 100

    Under Section 16 CPC's illustrations, in what type of suits must the property's location generally govern the choice of court?

    A Only suits exceeding a certain pecuniary value B Suits for recovery of immovable property, partition, foreclosure/sale/redemption of a mortgage, or compensation for wrong to immovable property C All suits without exception D Only suits between government entities
29. Question 29 of 100

    Which rule addresses an advocate's duty not to render service involving disloyalty to the law or corruption of a public officer?

    A Rule 174 B Rule 163 C Rule 152 D Rule 172
30. Question 30 of 100

    Oral evidence to show a subsequent oral agreement to rescind or modify a written contract is generally:

    A Never admissible under any circumstances B Only admissible if the contract is a public document C Admissible, since it does not vary the original contract but shows its discharge or modification by later agreement D Only admissible if it favours the plaintiff
31. Question 31 of 100

    Under Section 18 CPC, what may a court do where it is uncertain within whose jurisdiction certain immovable property is situated?

    A Automatically transfer the suit to the High Court B Record a statement to that effect and proceed to entertain the suit, provided it is otherwise competent as to value and nature C Refer the matter to the Provincial Government for a ruling D Dismiss the suit for lack of jurisdiction
32. Question 32 of 100

    Article 39 enables people from all parts of Pakistan to participate in:

    A Provincial civil services only B Foreign service exams only C The judiciary exclusively D The Armed Forces of Pakistan
33. Question 33 of 100

    An opinion expressed by a person as to identity of finger impressions is treated under the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order in the same manner as opinions upon:

    A Handwriting given by experts B Estoppel by conduct C Character of a party D Presumptions of legitimacy
34. Question 34 of 100

    A retired judge who has recently begun practising as an advocate puts 'Ex-Judge' on his new office nameplate. Which rule does this violate?

    A Rule 174 alone B Rule 175 C No rule; this is permitted for retired judiciary D Rule 174-A, which prohibits using a former designation such as 'Ex-Judge' during the period of practice as an advocate
35. Question 35 of 100

    A person of unsound mind is not incompetent to testify unless he is prevented by his unsoundness of mind from understanding the questions put to him and:

    A Testifying against relatives B Answering only leading questions C Giving rational answers to them D Testifying in civil cases only
36. Question 36 of 100

    Statements made by an agent duly authorized by a party are relevant as admissions:

    A Never, since agency is irrelevant B Only against the agent personally C Only if in writing D Against the party by whom the agent is authorized
37. Question 37 of 100

    Section 54 sets out the circumstances in which a police officer may:

    A Try a summons-case B Grant bail to an accused person C Arrest a person without a warrant D Record a dying declaration
38. Question 38 of 100

    A supplementary police report (supplementary challan) may be filed where:

    A Further evidence is discovered after submission of the initial report under Section 173 B The accused has already been acquitted with no further recourse C The FIR has been permanently destroyed D The complainant withdraws the complaint entirely
39. Question 39 of 100

    As per the current Article 59(1), how many total Senate seats currently exist (post-25th Amendment, 2018)?

    A Eighty-seven B One hundred and four C One hundred D Ninety-six
40. Question 40 of 100

    What Latin-derived doctrine is codified in Section 11 CPC?

    A Res judicata B Res gestae C Res ipsa loquitur D Res sub judice
41. Question 41 of 100

    A ruling derived directly and explicitly from the Quran or Sunnah without need for interpretation is based on a:

    A Analogy only B Qat'i (definitive) text C Zanni (speculative) text only D Custom
42. Question 42 of 100

    Under Order VI, is it necessary for a pleading to plead a matter of law, as opposed to material facts?

    A Yes, but only in suits against the Government B Yes, but only in suits before the High Court C No, generally only material facts need be pleaded, not points of law D Yes, every applicable law must be expressly pleaded in full
43. Question 43 of 100

    Section 167 governs the procedure to be followed when an investigation cannot be completed within the initial period allowed after arrest, permitting a Magistrate to authorize:

    A Further detention/remand of the accused in custody B Immediate compounding of the offence C Automatic acquittal of the accused D Automatic conviction of the accused
44. Question 44 of 100

    The improper admission or rejection of evidence shall not, of itself, be a ground for a new trial or reversal of any decision, if it appears to the Court that, independently of the evidence objected to and admitted, there was sufficient evidence to justify the decision, or that, if the rejected evidence had been received, it ought not to have:

    A Been objected to B Varied the decision C Been recorded at all D Been shown to the witness
45. Question 45 of 100

    Under Order XLIII, are orders relating to a receiver, made under Order XL, generally treated the same way as orders relating to injunctions for appeal purposes?

    A No, only injunction orders are appealable, never receiver orders B No, receiver-related orders are never appealable C Only if the receiver is a government official D Yes, both categories are specifically listed as appealable orders under Order XLIII, Rule 1
46. Question 46 of 100

    The UN Charter contains how many Articles?

    A 111 B 99 C 105 D 120
47. Question 47 of 100

    Under Section 52, the words 'good faith' denote that a thing is done with due care and:

    A Speed B Attention C Force D Malice
48. Question 48 of 100

    Under Article 8(5), the rights guaranteed by Articles 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 24 do not apply to members of which institution while subject to a special law?

    A Local government bodies B The Armed Forces of Pakistan C The judiciary D The civil bureaucracy
49. Question 49 of 100

    A witness may also refer to a document made by any other person, and read by the witness within the time aforesaid, if, when he read it, he knew it to be:

    A A public document only B Irrelevant C A privileged communication D Correct
50. Question 50 of 100

    An admission made by one of several parties suing or sued jointly, regarding a matter in question, is generally relevant against:

    A The complainant only B The Court only C That party alone, not the co-parties, in the ordinary rule D All co-parties without exception
51. Question 51 of 100

    The jurisdiction of the ICJ in contentious cases is based primarily on what?

    A Universal jurisdiction B Security Council referral only C Compulsory jurisdiction over all states D Consent of states
52. Question 52 of 100

    The exception relating to acts done by a person of unsound mind is founded on the principle that a person who cannot distinguish right from wrong at the time of the act lacks the necessary:

    A Documentary proof B Financial capacity C Mens rea or guilty mind D Physical capacity
53. Question 53 of 100

    What term does Section 2 CPC use for the formal expression of an adjudication that conclusively determines the parties' rights in a suit?

    A Decree B Judgment C Decision D Order
54. Question 54 of 100

    When a witness is asked a question which he refuses to answer, and the Court is of opinion that he ought to answer, the Court may issue directions and, if disobeyed, may record the refusal and proceed to deal with it as it thinks fit, generally treating it as:

    A Proof of the fact denied B Grounds to discharge the jury C Contempt of Court D An acquittal of the accused
55. Question 55 of 100

    Distinguish Rule 145 from Rule 148: what is the key difference in what each prohibits?

    A Rule 145 applies only to criminal matters, Rule 148 only to civil matters B They are identical restatements of the same prohibition C Rule 145 prohibits acquiring an interest adverse to a client's property in the case, while Rule 148 more broadly prohibits representing conflicting interests generally D Rule 145 applies to former clients only, Rule 148 to current clients only
56. Question 56 of 100

    Section 334 provides the punishment of qisas for hurt in cases of itlaf-i-udw or itlaf-i-salahiyyat-i-udw, subject to certain conditions being met, similar in principle to the concept of qisas applicable to:

    A Qatl-e-amd B Theft C Cheating D Criminal trespass
57. Question 57 of 100

    Under Section 9's Explanation, is a suit in which the right to property or an office is contested still a suit of a civil nature, even if it depends on questions of religious rites?

    A Only if both parties agree B Only if the property is immovable C No, such suits are always excluded D Yes
58. Question 58 of 100

    A copy of the FIR recorded under Section 154 is required to be given, free of cost, to the:

    A Public Prosecutor exclusively, with no copy for the informant B Sessions Judge only C Informant D Accused only after conviction
59. Question 59 of 100

    Section 100 enumerates the circumstances in which the right of private defence of the body extends to the voluntary causing of death, such as an assault which may reasonably cause the apprehension of:

    A Minor injury only B Death or grievous hurt C Civil liability only D Loss of reputation only
60. Question 60 of 100

    A defendant is sued in Karachi for a wrong done to his person in Lahore, and he resides and works in Karachi. In which court(s) may the plaintiff sue, under Section 19 read with Section 20?

    A Neither; the suit must be filed in Islamabad as the federal capital B Only in Karachi, since that is the defendant's residence C At the plaintiff's option, either in Lahore (where the wrong occurred) or in Karachi (where the defendant resides) D Only in Lahore, since that is where the cause of action arose
61. Question 61 of 100

    Jurisprudence in the widest sense includes the study of law together with:

    A Only criminal law B Only company law C Legal history, legal theory and legal philosophy D Only civil procedure
62. Question 62 of 100

    Statements made by persons from whom the parties to the suit have derived their interest in the subject-matter of the suit are relevant if made during the continuance of the interest of the:

    A Court B Investigating officer C Persons so making them D Public Prosecutor
63. Question 63 of 100

    Under Rule 164, how are newspaper publications by an advocate about pending or anticipated litigation generally regarded?

    A As a normal and encouraged part of case preparation B As required whenever a case attracts public attention C As entirely a matter for the client, not the advocate, to control D As liable to interfere with a fair trial and prejudice the due administration of justice, and generally to be condemned
64. Question 64 of 100

    Under Article 63A, a member who defects from his party may be declared to have defected by whom?

    A The Prime Minister B The Party Head, in writing C The Election Commission directly D The Speaker alone
65. Question 65 of 100

    Moulvi Tamizuddin Khan vs. Governor-General of Pakistan is reported at:

    A PLD 1993 S.C. 473 B PLD 1972 S.C. 139 C PLD 1955 F.C. 240 D PLD 1958 S.C. 533
66. Question 66 of 100

    Under Rule 172, may an advocate render service or advice involving disloyalty to the law or corruption of a public officer, regardless of how powerful the client or important the cause?

    A Yes, with the Bar Council's prior clearance B No C Yes, in matters of significant public interest D Yes, if the client is a government entity
67. Question 67 of 100

    What requirement did the Supreme Court impose regarding judges' oaths during the transitional period in the Zafar Ali Shah case context?

    A Judges could be required to take a fresh oath under the Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO), with limited judicial scrutiny over removals B No oath-taking was required of any judge C Only Supreme Court judges needed to take a new oath D All judges were automatically removed from office
68. Question 68 of 100

    Section 382 provides an enhanced punishment for theft committed after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint, or fear of death, hurt, or restraint, in order to the committing of:

    A A public document B A civil suit C Such theft, or in order to the effecting of an escape after the committing of such theft, or in order to retaining property taken by such theft D A confession
69. Question 69 of 100

    Section 144 orders are typically passed:

    A Only after a full adversarial trial B Only after a jury verdict C Ex-parte, given the urgency of the situation D Only after obtaining Presidential approval in every case
70. Question 70 of 100

    Which Article empowers the Security Council to determine the existence of a threat to peace?

    A Article 41 B Article 40 C Article 42 D Article 39
71. Question 71 of 100

    Under Order IX, Rule 3, what is the consequence where neither party appears when the suit is called on for hearing?

    A The suit automatically proceeds ex parte in the plaintiff's favour B The suit is automatically adjourned indefinitely C The court must appoint an amicus curiae to represent both sides D The court may make an order that the suit be dismissed
72. Question 72 of 100

    Under Chapter VII, the search of a place occupied by a female, where practicable, is generally required to be conducted by:

    A Another female, with strict regard to decency B Any male officer without restriction C The complainant personally D A private citizen unconnected with the police
73. Question 73 of 100

    The principle of non-intervention in domestic affairs of states is enshrined in which UN Charter Article?

    A Article 51 B Article 1(2) C Article 2(4) D Article 2(7)
74. Question 74 of 100

    Under Article 175D (inferred from the FCC's establishing framework), the Chief Justice and judges of the FCC, before entering office, must take an oath before:

    A The Chairman of the Senate B The Speaker of the National Assembly C The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court D The President
75. Question 75 of 100

    Under the general scheme of relevancy, facts which, though not in issue, are so connected with a fact in issue as to render its existence or non-existence probable are termed:

    A Judgments in rem B Facts in issue themselves C Relevant facts D Privileged communications
76. Question 76 of 100

    An inquiry under Section 202 is generally understood to be of a more limited scope than a full:

    A Bail application under Section 497 B Appeal under Section 417 C Confession recorded under Section 164 D Police investigation into a cognizable offence
77. Question 77 of 100

    Where hurt amounts to grievous hurt as understood under the categories of itlaf-i-udw, itlaf-i-salahiyyat-i-udw, shajjah-i-mudihah and certain kinds of jurh, this is generally treated more seriously than:

    A Simple hurt not falling within these categories B Qatl-e-amd itself C Criminal conspiracy D Defamation
78. Question 78 of 100

    The parties or their agents shall not be permitted to raise objections to any question put by the Judge, nor, without the leave of the Court, to cross-examine any witness upon any answer given in reply to:

    A The complainant's own testimony B A question put by the Judge C A re-examination question only D A leading question
79. Question 79 of 100

    Which earlier Supreme Court precedent did Asma Jilani's case expressly overrule?

    A Tamizuddin Khan's case B Al-Jehad Trust's case C Begum Nusrat Bhutto's case D The State vs. Dosso
80. Question 80 of 100

    Which rule addresses the advocate's own judgment on incidental procedural matters, such as agreeing to an extension of time?

    A Rule 151 B Rule 155 C Rule 158 D Rule 170
81. Question 81 of 100

    Under the scheme of relevancy, facts forming part of the same transaction as a fact in issue, though not in issue themselves, are relevant if they are so connected with it as to form part of the:

    A Same res gestae B Judgment C Charge-sheet D FIR
82. Question 82 of 100

    Under Rule 146, may an advocate accept employment adverse to a former client using confidential information obtained during that employment?

    A Yes, once sufficient time has passed B No C Yes, with a written waiver only D Yes, in unrelated practice areas
83. Question 83 of 100

    The examination of a witness by the adverse party is called his:

    A Committal B Re-examination C Examination-in-chief D Cross-examination
84. Question 84 of 100

    Under Order VII, Rule 1, what must a plaint state regarding the court's jurisdiction?

    A The facts showing that the court has jurisdiction B Only a general assertion without supporting facts C Nothing; jurisdiction is presumed unless challenged D Only the address of the court
85. Question 85 of 100

    Chapter XI of the Cr.P.C. deals with:

    A Grant of anticipatory bail B Temporary orders in urgent cases of nuisance and apprehended danger C Recording of confessions D Permanent removal of nuisance after full trial
86. Question 86 of 100

    A court realizes a clerical error was made in a decree it passed and wishes to correct it despite no specific provision addressing that exact error. Which provision most likely supports this correction?

    A Order IX alone B Section 151, the inherent powers provision C Section 20 alone D Section 9 alone
87. Question 87 of 100

    For theft to be established, the property taken must be movable property in the possession of another, taken:

    A Dishonestly and without the owner's consent B By mistake of fact only C With the owner's express or implied consent D Under lawful authority
88. Question 88 of 100

    Under Article 175C(1), Federal Constitutional Court judges are appointed by:

    A The Chief Justice of Pakistan alone B The Provincial Governors C The Prime Minister directly D The President, in accordance with Article 175A
89. Question 89 of 100

    Pound's approach is sometimes described using the metaphor of law as:

    A Social engineering to satisfy maximum wants with minimum friction B A product of the people's spirit alone C A command backed by sanction only D A set of pure norms
90. Question 90 of 100

    Sir Henry Maine is best known for his historical account of the development of law in his book:

    A The Concept of Law B Ancient Law C Pure Theory of Law D Law in the Making
91. Question 91 of 100

    The subsidiary/secondary sources of Islamic law (beyond Quran, Sunnah, Ijma and Qiyas) are collectively sometimes called:

    A Adillah Asliyyah (primary evidences) exclusively B Nusus Qat'iyyah only C Ahkam Khamsah only D Adillah Tab'iyyah (subordinate/dependent evidences)
92. Question 92 of 100

    Under Rule 138, to what type of matters does the restriction on private communication with a judge NOT apply?

    A Matters exceeding a certain value B Criminal matters only C Matters involving government litigants D Ex parte matters or matters not sub-judice before that judge or judicial officer
93. Question 93 of 100

    Under Article 62(1)(b), the minimum age for membership of the National Assembly is:

    A Twenty-one years B Eighteen years C Thirty years D Twenty-five years
94. Question 94 of 100

    Under Section 2 CPC, who is a 'Judge'?

    A The presiding officer of a civil Court B Any advocate with more than ten years of practice C Only a judge of the High Court or Supreme Court D Any member of a Bar Council
95. Question 95 of 100

    What was the Supreme Court's general approach to the NAB Ordinance's validity in this case?

    A It upheld the broad framework of accountability but struck down or read down specific provisions found to be unconstitutional B It upheld every provision without any modification C It declined to exercise jurisdiction over the matter D It declared the entire Ordinance void ab initio
96. Question 96 of 100

    Article 4 guarantees which right to 'every citizen' and 'every other person for the time being within Pakistan'?

    A The right to hold public office B The right to contest elections C The right to be treated in accordance with law D The right to vote
97. Question 97 of 100

    What does Order XLI of the CPC deal with?

    A Temporary injunctions B Appeals from original decrees C Appeals from orders D Parties to suits
98. Question 98 of 100

    Who is constitutionally tasked with providing, by law, the punishment for high treason under Article 6(3)?

    A The President alone B The Supreme Court C Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) D Provincial Assemblies
99. Question 99 of 100

    Under Section 2 CPC, what does 'Prescribed' mean?

    A Prescribed only by a Supreme Court order B Prescribed by rules C Prescribed only by the Bar Council D Prescribed only by Presidential notification
100. Question 100 of 100

     For estoppel to apply, the representation must have been acted upon by the other party to his:

     A Complete indifference B Detriment, or such that his position was altered C Benefit in a subsequent unrelated suit D Advantage only

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