Arbitration-Act-1940-MCQs Judiciary
223 questions · Judiciary
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Question 1 of 223
Under section 21, who must agree before an order of reference can be applied for?
ExplanationSection 21 requires that all the parties interested agree that the matter in difference be referred. Where only some of them agree, section 24 applies.
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Question 2 of 223
Which of the following orders is NOT appealable under section 39(1)?
ExplanationSection 39(1) is exhaustive and does not include an order of remission under section 16. Supersession, modification or correction, and setting aside are all listed.
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Question 3 of 223
Under section 20(4), where no sufficient cause is shown, the Court shall order the agreement to be filed and:
ExplanationSection 20(4) makes the order of reference follow automatically, and empowers the Court to appoint an arbitrator where the parties cannot agree on one.
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Question 4 of 223
Which section of the Act contains the exclusive-jurisdiction rule confining all questions about the validity, effect or existence of an award or agreement to a single Court?
ExplanationSection 31 deals with jurisdiction. Section 32 bars suits and section 33 prescribes the application procedure - together they complete the scheme.
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Question 5 of 223
Which two Schedules to the Arbitration Act, 1940 stand repealed?
ExplanationThe Third Schedule (Enactments Repealed) and the Fourth Schedule (Enactments Amended) were repealed by the Repealing and Amending Act, 1945. The First and Second Schedules remain in force.
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Question 6 of 223
Under section 33, a party desiring to challenge the existence or validity of an arbitration agreement or an award must:
ExplanationSection 33 prescribes an application, decided on affidavits, as the mode of challenge - the procedural counterpart of the bar in section 32.
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Question 7 of 223
Section 15 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 confers on the Court the power to:
ExplanationSection 15 is the modify-or-correct power. Remission is under section 16, setting aside under section 30, and supersession under section 19.
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Question 8 of 223
What must be filed in Court along with the award under section 14(2)?
ExplanationSection 14(2) requires the award or a signed copy of it to be filed together with the depositions and documents taken and proved before the arbitrators or umpire.
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Question 9 of 223
Under section 37(3), an arbitration is deemed to be commenced when one party serves on the other parties:
ExplanationSection 37(3) fixes the commencement date for the purposes of section 37 and of the Limitation Act, 1908.
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Question 10 of 223
Under section 34, the Court must be satisfied of two matters before staying proceedings: that there is no sufficient reason why the matter should not be referred, and that the applicant:
ExplanationThe continuing readiness and willingness of the applicant, both at commencement and at the date of the application, is an express requirement of section 34.
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Question 11 of 223
Under section 1(2), the Arbitration Act, 1940 extends to:
ExplanationSection 1(2), as substituted by the Central Laws (Statute Reform) Ordinance, 1960, provides that the Act extends to the whole of Pakistan. The earlier text read 'the Provinces and the Capital of the Federation'.
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Question 12 of 223
Under section 39(1), an appeal lies from an order staying or refusing to stay legal proceedings where there is:
ExplanationClause (v) of section 39(1) covers orders under section 34 - staying or refusing to stay legal proceedings where there is an arbitration agreement.
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Question 13 of 223
Under section 20(2), an application to file an arbitration agreement in Court must be:
ExplanationSection 20(2) requires the application to be in writing and to be numbered and registered as a suit between the interested parties.
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Question 14 of 223
Under clause 8 of the First Schedule, the cost of the reference and award is:
ExplanationClause 8 gives the arbitrators or umpire discretion to direct to whom, by whom and in what manner costs are paid, to tax or settle the amount, and to award costs as between legal practitioner and client.
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Question 15 of 223
Under section 38(3), the Court may make such orders as it thinks fit respecting the costs of an arbitration where:
ExplanationSection 38(3) is a gap-filling power, engaged where the award itself makes no sufficient provision as to costs.
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Question 16 of 223
Under section 15(a), the Court may modify an award where part of it is upon a matter not referred to arbitration, provided that part:
ExplanationSeparability plus no effect on the decision on the referred matter are both required by section 15(a). Where the matter cannot be separated without affecting the determination, section 16(1)(a) applies instead and the award is remitted.
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Question 17 of 223
Under section 13(c), the arbitrator or umpire has power to:
ExplanationSection 13(c) permits conditional or alternative awards.
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Question 18 of 223
Under the proviso to section 33, where the Court deems it just and expedient, it may:
ExplanationThe proviso to section 33 relieves against the affidavit-only rule where justice requires oral or other evidence, and imports the Court's ordinary powers of discovery and particulars.
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Question 19 of 223
Under section 31(2), all questions regarding the validity, effect or existence of an award or an arbitration agreement shall be decided by:
ExplanationSection 31(2) is an exclusive-jurisdiction provision and operates notwithstanding anything in any other law for the time being in force.
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Question 20 of 223
Under section 18(1), the Court may pass interim orders at any time after the filing of the award:
ExplanationSection 18(1) expressly dispenses with prior service of notice of filing.
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Question 21 of 223
Under section 37(5), where the Court sets aside an award or orders that the arbitration agreement cease to have effect, the period between the commencement of the arbitration and the date of the Court's order:
ExplanationSection 37(5) is an exclusion provision, protecting a party whose arbitration has collapsed from being time-barred in subsequent proceedings.
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Question 22 of 223
The preamble of the Arbitration Act, 1940 states that it is expedient to do what to the law relating to arbitration?
ExplanationThe long title and preamble describe the Act as one to consolidate and amend the law relating to arbitration in Pakistan.
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Question 23 of 223
Section 31(4) provides that where an application under the Act has been made in a competent Court, that Court alone shall have jurisdiction over:
ExplanationSection 31(4) is the seize-and-hold rule: the Court first properly seized of an application under the Act keeps exclusive jurisdiction over that reference thereafter.
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Question 24 of 223
Under section 43(3), the expression 'processes' includes:
ExplanationSection 43(3) contains an inclusive definition covering summonses, commissions for examination of witnesses, and summonses to produce documents.
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Question 25 of 223
Is an oral agreement to refer differences to arbitration an 'arbitration agreement' under the Act?
ExplanationWriting is a definitional requirement under section 2(a); an oral submission falls outside the Act.
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Question 26 of 223
How many implied conditions are set out in the First Schedule to the Arbitration Act, 1940?
ExplanationThe First Schedule contains eight numbered implied conditions, running from the default of a sole arbitrator to the discretion as to costs.
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Question 27 of 223
How many Chapters does the Arbitration Act, 1940 contain?
ExplanationThe Act is divided into seven Chapters: Introductory; Arbitration without intervention of a Court; Arbitration with intervention of a Court where there is no suit pending; Arbitration in suits; General; Appeals; and Miscellaneous.
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Question 28 of 223
Under section 25, the provisions of the other Chapters apply to arbitrations under Chapter IV:
ExplanationSection 25 makes the other Chapters applicable subject to the qualification 'so far as they can be made applicable', and adds a proviso preserving the Court's power to supersede.
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Question 29 of 223
An application under section 7(2) directing that a matter be referred to arbitration is made to:
ExplanationSection 7(2) directs the application to the Court having jurisdiction in the insolvency proceedings, which may make an order if it considers the matter ought to be determined by arbitration.
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Question 30 of 223
Under clause 1 of the First Schedule, unless otherwise expressly provided, the reference shall be to:
ExplanationA sole arbitrator is the statutory default under clause 1 of the First Schedule.
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Question 31 of 223
Under the proviso to section 25, where the Court makes an order superseding the arbitration under section 19, it:
ExplanationThe closing words of the proviso to section 25 are mandatory: on supersession under section 19 the Court shall proceed with the suit.
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Question 32 of 223
Both section 16(3) and section 26-A(3) provide that a remitted award becomes void on failure of the arbitrator to comply within the time fixed. What is the essential difference between the two remissions?
ExplanationBoth provisions produce voidness on non-compliance, but they are engaged by different defects. Section 26-A(2) is also mandatory in form ('the Court shall remit'), whereas section 16(1) is discretionary ('the Court may').
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Question 33 of 223
Under section 11(2), the Court may remove an arbitrator or umpire who:
ExplanationMisconduct of himself or of the proceedings is the ground under section 11(2); the same expression appears as a ground for setting aside an award under section 30(a).
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Question 34 of 223
Item 2 of the Second Schedule empowers the Court to make orders for:
ExplanationItem 2 covers security for the amount in difference in the reference itself.
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Question 35 of 223
Under clause 7 of the First Schedule, the award shall be:
ExplanationClause 7 states the finality of the award, extending to persons claiming under the parties.
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Question 36 of 223
Which of the following is NOT one of the implied conditions in the First Schedule?
ExplanationThe reasoned-award requirement is imposed by section 26-A of the Act itself, not by the First Schedule. The other three are clauses 1, 7 and 8 respectively.
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Question 37 of 223
Section 8 of the Act empowers which authority to appoint an arbitrator or umpire?
ExplanationSection 8 is headed 'Power of Court to appoint arbitrator or umpire' and operates on the application of the party who served the written notice to concur.
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Question 38 of 223
Under section 35(2), the expression 'parties to the reference' includes:
ExplanationSection 35(2) contains an inclusive definition based on the familiar 'same title' test.
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Question 39 of 223
The First Schedule is expressed to be read with which section of the Act?
ExplanationThe First Schedule bears the marginal reference '(See Section 3)'. The Second Schedule refers to section 41.
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Question 40 of 223
Under section 27(2), references in the Act to an 'award':
ExplanationSection 27(2) extends the whole statutory apparatus - filing, remission, setting aside, judgment - to interim awards.
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Question 41 of 223
Under section 20(5), after an order of reference is made, the arbitration proceeds:
ExplanationSection 20(5) plugs the section-20 reference back into the general scheme of the Act.
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Question 42 of 223
Under section 39(2), a second appeal from an order passed in appeal under the section:
ExplanationSection 39(2) bars a second appeal, but expressly saves any right of appeal to the Supreme Court.
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Question 43 of 223
Under section 2(a), an 'arbitration agreement' means:
ExplanationSection 2(a) requires the agreement to be in writing, covers both present and future differences, and expressly states that it is immaterial whether an arbitrator is named in it or not.
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Question 44 of 223
Under section 13(d), the arbitrator or umpire may correct in an award:
ExplanationSection 13(d) is a slip-rule power. Errors of the wider kind are dealt with by the Court under sections 15 and 16.
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Question 45 of 223
How many grounds are listed in section 15 for modifying or correcting an award?
ExplanationSection 15 lists three grounds: a separable part on a matter not referred; imperfection in form or an obvious error amendable without affecting the decision; and a clerical mistake or accidental slip or omission.
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Question 46 of 223
Under clause 4 of the First Schedule, the umpire enters on the reference in lieu of the arbitrators where the arbitrators:
ExplanationClause 4 identifies two triggers - lapse of time and a written notice of disagreement - and requires the umpire to enter on the reference 'forthwith'.
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Question 47 of 223
Under section 20(2), where the application is presented by all the parties, they are arrayed as:
ExplanationSection 20(2) provides for this arraying where all parties present the application; where it is presented otherwise, the applicant is plaintiff and the other parties are defendants.
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Question 48 of 223
Under section 14(1), when the arbitrators or umpire have made their award they must sign it and give notice in writing to the parties of:
ExplanationSection 14(1) requires notice of two things: that the award has been made and signed, and the amount of fees and charges payable.
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Question 49 of 223
The Second Schedule to the Arbitration Act, 1940 is headed:
ExplanationThe Second Schedule, read with section 41, lists the matters in respect of which the Court may make orders for the purposes of arbitration proceedings.
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Question 50 of 223
Under section 2(d), 'legal representative' includes a person who:
ExplanationSection 2(d) covers the person who in law represents the estate, and expressly includes an intermeddler, as well as the person on whom the estate devolves where a party acted in a representative character.
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Question 51 of 223
Under clause 3 of the First Schedule, the arbitrators must make their award within:
ExplanationClause 3 sets a four-month period, running from entering on the reference or from being called upon to act by written notice, subject to extension by the Court under section 28.
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Question 52 of 223
Section 39(2) preserves the right to appeal to which forum?
ExplanationThe words 'the Supreme Court' were substituted by the Adaptation Order, 1961 for 'His Majesty in Council', with effect from 23 March 1956.
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Question 53 of 223
Under clause 6 of the First Schedule, the parties and persons claiming under them must submit to be examined by the arbitrators or umpire:
ExplanationClause 6 also requires production of all books, deeds, papers, accounts, writings and documents within their possession or power, and the doing of all other things the arbitrators or umpire may require.
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Question 54 of 223
Chapter IV of the Arbitration Act, 1940 is headed:
ExplanationChapter IV (sections 21 to 25) governs references to arbitration made in a suit already pending.
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Question 55 of 223
Under section 3, an arbitration agreement is deemed to include the provisions set out in the First Schedule:
ExplanationSection 3 makes the First Schedule's implied conditions applicable by default, subject to contrary intention expressed in the agreement and so far as they are applicable to the reference.
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Question 56 of 223
Under the proviso to section 39(1), the section does not apply to any order passed by:
ExplanationThe proviso to section 39(1) excludes orders passed by a Small Cause Court from the appeal provisions of the section.
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Question 57 of 223
Under section 16(2), when the Court remits an award it must:
ExplanationSection 16(2) requires the Court to fix a time, and the proviso allows that time to be extended by subsequent order.
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Question 58 of 223
Which of the following is NOT defined in section 2 of the Arbitration Act, 1940?
Explanation'Umpire' is used throughout the Act but is nowhere defined in section 2; the five defined terms are arbitration agreement, award, Court, legal representative and reference.
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Question 59 of 223
Under section 12(1), where the Court removes an umpire who has NOT entered on the reference, or one or more (but not all) arbitrators, the Court may:
ExplanationSection 12(1) is the fill-the-vacancy power. The more drastic options in section 12(2) apply where authority is revoked or where an umpire who has entered on the reference, a sole arbitrator, or all the arbitrators are removed.
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Question 60 of 223
Under section 14(3), where the arbitrators or umpire state a special case under section 13(b), the Court shall pronounce its opinion and that opinion:
ExplanationSection 14(3) requires the Court to hear the parties after notice, and makes its opinion part of the award itself.
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Question 61 of 223
Which of the following periods is correctly matched with its provision?
ExplanationThe arbitrators have four months under clause 3 and the umpire two months under clause 5. The period in section 9(b) is fifteen clear days, not one month.
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Question 62 of 223
The Explanation to section 9 is expressed to operate for the purposes of section 9 and which other section?
ExplanationThe Explanation says the one-month failure may constitute neglect or refusal to act 'within the meaning of section 8 and this section'.
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Question 63 of 223
Under section 18(2), a person against whom an interim order has been passed may:
ExplanationSection 18(2) gives a show-cause remedy before the same Court, which may then pass such further orders as it deems necessary and just after hearing the parties.
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Question 64 of 223
An order under section 36 may be made where the Court orders that the arbitration agreement shall cease to have effect:
ExplanationSection 36 is tied to a Court order confined to a particular difference, whether made under the Arbitration Act or any other law.
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Question 65 of 223
Under section 39(1), an appeal from an appealable order lies to:
ExplanationSection 39(1) identifies the appellate forum by reference to the ordinary appellate hierarchy for original decrees of the Court that passed the order.
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Question 66 of 223
Under section 30(c), an award may be set aside where it has been:
ExplanationSection 30(c) is the residual ground, covering improper procurement and any other invalidity.
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Question 67 of 223
Under section 5, the authority of an appointed arbitrator or umpire is:
ExplanationSection 5 makes the arbitrator's authority irrevocable save by leave of the Court, subject to any contrary intention in the agreement.
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Question 68 of 223
Under section 11(4), the expression 'proceeding with the reference' includes, where reference to the umpire becomes necessary:
ExplanationSection 11(4) extends the phrase so that failure to give the requisite notice can itself amount to want of reasonable dispatch.
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Question 69 of 223
Under section 32, an arbitration agreement or award may be set aside, amended, modified or in any way affected:
ExplanationSection 32 confines every route of challenge to the mechanisms provided by the Act itself.
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Question 70 of 223
Under section 35(1), further proceedings in a pending reference become invalid unless a stay of proceedings is granted under which section?
ExplanationSection 35(1) expressly saves the case where a stay has been granted under section 34.
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Question 71 of 223
Which of the following appears in the Second Schedule to the Arbitration Act, 1940?
ExplanationItem 4 of the Second Schedule covers interim injunctions and the appointment of a receiver.
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Question 72 of 223
Under section 46, in a statutory arbitration the other enactment is treated as if it were:
ExplanationSection 46 deems the arbitration to be pursuant to an arbitration agreement and the other enactment to be that agreement.
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Question 73 of 223
Section 3 of the Act imports the implied conditions from which Schedule?
ExplanationThe First Schedule is headed 'Implied Conditions of Arbitration Agreements' and is expressed to be read with section 3. The Second Schedule relates to the powers of Court under section 41.
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Question 74 of 223
Under clause 2 of the First Schedule, where the reference is to an even number of arbitrators, they must appoint an umpire not later than:
ExplanationClause 2 fixes one month from the latest of the arbitrators' appointments as the outer limit for appointing an umpire.
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Question 75 of 223
Under section 24, where a partial reference is made, an award made in pursuance of it is binding:
ExplanationSection 24 confines the binding effect of the award to those who joined in the application; the suit continues as regards the others and as regards matters not referred.
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Question 76 of 223
How many clauses does section 2 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 contain?
ExplanationSection 2 defines five expressions: arbitration agreement, award, Court, legal representative and reference.
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Question 77 of 223
Under section 17, an appeal from a decree passed in terms of an award lies only on the ground that:
ExplanationSection 17 bars appeals from such a decree save on the narrow ground that the decree does not conform to the award.
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Question 78 of 223
Under the Act, the power to enlarge the time for making an award belongs to:
ExplanationSection 28(1) confers the power on the Court, and section 28(2) voids any agreement letting the arbitrators enlarge time without the consent of all parties.
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Question 79 of 223
Under section 40, a Small Cause Court has no jurisdiction over arbitration proceedings save on an application made under which section?
ExplanationSection 40 mirrors the exception in the definition of 'Court' in section 2(c): the Small Cause Court retains jurisdiction only over a reference in a suit already before it under section 21.
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Question 80 of 223
The opening words of section 2 make the definitions subject to what qualification?
ExplanationSection 2 is prefaced by the standard formula 'unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context', so the definitions yield where the context demands a different sense.
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Question 81 of 223
Under section 11(1), the Court may remove an arbitrator or umpire who:
ExplanationSection 11(1) targets delay - want of reasonable dispatch in entering on, proceeding with, and concluding the reference.
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Question 82 of 223
Which Chapter of the Act governs arbitration with the intervention of a Court where a suit is already pending?
ExplanationChapter IV (sections 21 to 25) is headed 'Arbitration in suits'. Chapter III covers court intervention where no suit is pending.
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Question 83 of 223
Item 5 of the Second Schedule empowers the Court to make orders for the appointment of a guardian for:
ExplanationItem 5 covers both minors and persons of unsound mind, and is confined to the purposes of arbitration proceedings.
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Question 84 of 223
Under section 26-A(2), where an award does not state the reasons in sufficient detail, the Court:
ExplanationSection 26-A(2) uses mandatory language - the Court 'shall remit' - and requires it to fix a time, which the proviso allows to be extended.
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Question 85 of 223
Under section 1(3), the Arbitration Act, 1940 came into force on which date?
ExplanationSection 1(3) provides that the Act shall come into force on the 1st day of July, 1940. 11 March 1940 is the date of the Act itself, not its commencement.
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Question 86 of 223
Which of the following is correctly matched?
ExplanationFifteen clear days is the period in both section 8(2) and section 9(b). The umpire must be appointed within one month under clause 2 of the First Schedule.
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Question 87 of 223
Under section 37(2), a term in an arbitration agreement postponing the accrual of a cause of action until an award is made:
ExplanationSection 37(2) neutralises so-called Scott v Avery clauses for limitation purposes without striking them down generally.
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Question 88 of 223
Under clause 5 of the First Schedule, the umpire must make his award within:
ExplanationClause 5 gives the umpire two months from entering on the reference, as against the arbitrators' four months under clause 3.
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Question 89 of 223
Under section 2(b), 'award' means:
ExplanationSection 2(b) is a short definitional clause: 'award' means an arbitration award. The decree that follows under section 17 is a distinct thing.
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Question 90 of 223
Section 39 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 deals with:
ExplanationSection 39(1) lists the orders from which an appeal lies, and expressly states that no appeal lies from any others.
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Question 91 of 223
Under section 16(1)(b), the Court may remit an award where the award is:
ExplanationIndefiniteness rendering the award incapable of execution is the ground in section 16(1)(b). Absence of sufficient reasons is dealt with separately under section 26-A(2).
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Question 92 of 223
Section 34 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 empowers a judicial authority to:
ExplanationSection 34 is the stay provision, invoked by a party to legal proceedings brought in breach of an arbitration agreement.
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Question 93 of 223
Under the scheme of the Act, an interim AWARD is made by the arbitrator under section 27, whereas an interim ORDER after the filing of the award is made by:
ExplanationSection 27 empowers the arbitrators or umpire to make an interim award; section 18 empowers the Court to pass interim orders after the award has been filed.
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Question 94 of 223
How many sections does the Arbitration Act, 1940 contain (including section 49)?
ExplanationThe Act runs to 49 sections, section 26-A having been inserted later by amendment. Section 49 itself has since been repealed.
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Question 95 of 223
Which Schedules to the Arbitration Act, 1940 remain operative?
ExplanationOnly the First Schedule (Implied Conditions of Arbitration Agreements) and the Second Schedule (Powers of Court) remain in force; the Third and Fourth were repealed in 1945.
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Question 96 of 223
Which sections make up Chapter IV of the Arbitration Act, 1940?
ExplanationChapter IV runs from section 21 (parties to suit may apply for order of reference) to section 25 (provisions applicable to arbitrations under this Chapter).
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Question 97 of 223
Under section 12(2), where the Court removes a sole arbitrator or all the arbitrators, it may either appoint a person to act as sole arbitrator or:
ExplanationSection 12(2)(b) allows the Court to bring the agreement to an end as regards that difference, leaving the parties to litigate.
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Question 98 of 223
Section 17 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 deals with:
ExplanationSection 17 requires the Court, where it sees no cause to remit or set aside, to pronounce judgment according to the award, upon which a decree follows.
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Question 99 of 223
After the award is filed under section 14(2), what must the Court do?
ExplanationSection 14(2) requires the Court, on the filing, to give notice to the parties. Time for applying to set aside the award runs from that notice under the Limitation Act.
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Question 100 of 223
Under section 21, an application for an order of reference in a pending suit may be made:
ExplanationSection 21 permits the application at any time before judgment is pronounced, and requires it to be in writing.
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Question 101 of 223
Section 44 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 empowers which authority to make rules?
ExplanationSection 44 empowers the High Court to make rules consistent with the Act on five specified matters.
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Question 102 of 223
A person appointed by the Court under section 12(3) as arbitrator or umpire has:
ExplanationSection 12(3) equates the Court's appointee with an appointee under the agreement.
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Question 103 of 223
Under section 8(2), the Court may appoint an arbitrator if the appointment is not made within what period after service of the written notice?
ExplanationSection 8(2) fixes fifteen clear days from service of the notice to concur; only thereafter may the party who gave the notice apply to the Court.
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Question 104 of 223
Under section 7(1), where an insolvent is party to a contract containing an arbitration term, that term is enforceable by or against the receiver:
ExplanationSection 7(1) makes adoption of the contract by the receiver the condition on which the arbitration term binds him, so far as it relates to such differences.
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Question 105 of 223
Which single section makes up Chapter III of the Arbitration Act, 1940?
ExplanationChapter III contains only section 20 - Application to file in Court arbitration agreement.
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Question 106 of 223
Section 48 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 provides that the Act does not apply to:
ExplanationSection 48 is a saving provision: references pending on 1 July 1940 continue to be governed by the law in force immediately before the commencement of the Act.
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Question 107 of 223
Which of the following is a ground for the REMOVAL of an arbitrator under section 11, and also a ground for SETTING ASIDE an award under section 30?
ExplanationMisconduct of himself or of the proceedings appears in both section 11(2) and section 30(a). Want of reasonable dispatch is a removal ground only, under section 11(1).
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Question 108 of 223
Under section 45 of the Arbitration Act, 1940, the provisions of the Act are binding on:
ExplanationSection 45 provides that the Act binds the Government; the word 'Government' was substituted for 'Crown' by the Adaptation Order, 1961.
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Question 109 of 223
Under section 10(1), where the agreement provides for three arbitrators - one by each party and the third by the two appointed - the agreement takes effect as if it provided for:
ExplanationSection 10(1) converts the classic 2+1 structure into a two-arbitrators-plus-umpire structure by operation of law.
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Question 110 of 223
Under section 16(1)(c), the Court may remit an award where an objection to the legality of the award is:
ExplanationSection 16(1)(c) requires the illegality to appear on the face of the award itself.
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Question 111 of 223
How many categories of appealable orders are listed in section 39(1)?
ExplanationSection 39(1) lists six: superseding an arbitration; on an award stated in the form of a special case; modifying or correcting an award; filing or refusing to file an arbitration agreement; staying or refusing to stay legal proceedings; and setting aside or refusing to set aside an award.
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Question 112 of 223
Section 18 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 empowers the Court to:
ExplanationSection 18 is the Court's interim-orders power after the filing of an award. The power to make an interim award belongs to the arbitrator under section 27.
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Question 113 of 223
Under section 41(b), the Court's power to make orders in relation to arbitration proceedings extends to the matters set out in:
ExplanationSection 41(b) is the gateway to the Second Schedule, which is headed 'Powers of Court'.
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Question 114 of 223
Under section 7(3), the expression 'receiver' includes:
ExplanationSection 7(3) contains an express inclusive definition: 'receiver' includes an Official Assignee.
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Question 115 of 223
Under section 24, a partial reference may be ordered provided that the matters referred:
ExplanationSeparability is the express condition in section 24; the Court also retains a discretion ('if it thinks fit').
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Question 116 of 223
Section 18(1) operates notwithstanding anything contained in which section?
ExplanationSection 18(1) opens with a non obstante clause referring to section 17, so interim orders may be made even before judgment in terms of the award.
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Question 117 of 223
Section 32 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 bars:
ExplanationSection 32 excludes the suit as a vehicle for challenging an arbitration agreement or award; the challenge must be by application under section 33.
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Question 118 of 223
Under the proviso to section 9, the Court may set aside an appointment as sole arbitrator made under clause (b) and:
ExplanationThe proviso is a relief-against-default provision: sufficient cause allows the Court to restore the defaulting party's right to appoint, or to make any other fit order.
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Question 119 of 223
Chapter VI of the Arbitration Act, 1940 is headed:
ExplanationChapter VI consists of section 39 alone and is headed 'Appeals'.
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Question 120 of 223
Which of the following is ground (a) for setting aside an award under section 30?
ExplanationMisconduct of himself or of the proceedings is section 30(a). Indefiniteness is a ground for remission under section 16(1)(b), and want of reasons is dealt with under section 26-A(2).
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Question 121 of 223
How many grounds for remitting an award are listed in section 16(1)?
ExplanationSection 16(1) lists three grounds in clauses (a), (b) and (c).
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Question 122 of 223
How many powers are enumerated in section 13 of the Arbitration Act, 1940?
ExplanationSection 13 lists powers to administer oath, state a special case, make the award conditional or in the alternative, correct clerical mistakes, and administer interrogatories.
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Question 123 of 223
Chapter III of the Arbitration Act, 1940 is headed:
ExplanationChapter III consists of section 20 alone and covers the case where parties invoke the Court before any suit has been instituted.
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Question 124 of 223
Under section 14(2), the arbitrators or umpire cause the award to be filed in Court at the request of a party or:
ExplanationSection 14(2) allows filing either at the request of a party or a person claiming under him, or on the direction of the Court, upon payment of the fees, charges and costs of filing.
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Question 125 of 223
Under section 13(a), the arbitrator or umpire may administer oath to:
ExplanationSection 13(a) covers both the parties and the witnesses appearing before the arbitrator or umpire.
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Question 126 of 223
Under section 28(1), the Court may enlarge the time for making the award:
ExplanationSection 28(1) is deliberately wide on both counts, and the power may be exercised from time to time.
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Question 127 of 223
An award made by a sole arbitrator appointed under section 9(b) is:
ExplanationSection 9(b) expressly equates such an award with one made by a consensually appointed arbitrator.
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Question 128 of 223
Section 46 applies the Act to every arbitration under any other enactment, except which provisions?
ExplanationSection 46 excludes section 6(1) and sections 7, 12, 36 and 37 from application to statutory arbitrations. The reference to section 36 was inserted by the Repealing and Amending Act, 1942.
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Question 129 of 223
How many grounds for setting aside an award are listed in section 30?
ExplanationSection 30 lists three grounds: misconduct of the arbitrator or umpire or the proceedings; award made after supersession or after proceedings became invalid under section 35; and award improperly procured or otherwise invalid.
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Question 130 of 223
An application under section 21 for an order of reference must be:
ExplanationSection 21 requires the parties to 'apply in writing to the Court for an order of reference'.
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Question 131 of 223
Under section 26-A(3), an award remitted under section 26-A(2) becomes void if:
ExplanationSection 26-A(3) mirrors section 16(3): failure to comply with the Court's direction renders the remitted award void.
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Question 132 of 223
Under section 38(1), where an arbitrator refuses to deliver his award except on payment of the fees demanded, the Court may order delivery of the award on:
ExplanationSection 38(1) requires payment into Court; the Court then, after such inquiry as it thinks fit, orders a reasonable sum to be paid to the arbitrator and refunds the balance to the applicant.
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Question 133 of 223
Under section 34, the power to stay the proceedings is expressed in which terms?
ExplanationSection 34 uses 'may', leaving the stay to the discretion of the judicial authority even where the statutory conditions are satisfied.
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Question 134 of 223
Under section 37(1), the provisions of which Act apply to arbitrations as they apply to proceedings in Court?
ExplanationSection 37(1) applies the Limitation Act, 1908 to arbitrations. The Code of Civil Procedure is applied separately, to proceedings before the Court, by section 41(a).
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Question 135 of 223
Under section 2(c), 'Court' means a Civil Court having jurisdiction to decide the question forming the subject-matter of the reference:
ExplanationSection 2(c) fixes the forum by a hypothetical test: which Civil Court could have tried the question had it come before it as a suit.
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Question 136 of 223
On what date did the Arbitration Act, 1940 receive assent / bear its date of enactment?
ExplanationThe Act is dated 11 March 1940. The 1st of July 1940 is a different date - that is the date of commencement under section 1(3).
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Question 137 of 223
Under section 31(1), an award may be filed in:
ExplanationSection 31(1) fixes the forum for filing by reference to the subject-matter of the reference, subject to the other provisions of the Act.
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Question 138 of 223
The First Schedule to the Arbitration Act, 1940 is headed:
ExplanationThe First Schedule, read with section 3, sets out the conditions deemed included in an arbitration agreement unless a contrary intention is expressed.
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Question 139 of 223
Under section 48, a reference pending at the commencement of the Act continues to be governed by:
ExplanationSection 48 preserves the pre-existing law notwithstanding any repeal effected by the Act.
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Question 140 of 223
Chapter VII of the Arbitration Act, 1940 is headed:
ExplanationChapter VII (sections 40 to 49) is headed 'Miscellaneous'.
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Question 141 of 223
Section 28 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 deals with the power to:
ExplanationSection 28 is headed 'Power to Court only to enlarge time for making award'.
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Question 142 of 223
Item 1 of the Second Schedule empowers the Court to make orders regarding:
ExplanationItem 1 is confined to goods which are the subject-matter of the reference.
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Question 143 of 223
Section 6(3) preserves the operation of any law by virtue of which:
ExplanationSection 6(3) is a saving clause: where the substantive right of action itself dies with the person, section 6 does not revive it.
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Question 144 of 223
Chapter V of the Arbitration Act, 1940 is headed:
ExplanationChapter V (sections 26 to 38, including section 26-A) is headed 'General'. 'Miscellaneous' is Chapter VII.
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Question 145 of 223
Which section of the Act empowers the Court to REMIT an award, as distinct from setting it aside?
ExplanationSection 16 is the remission power; section 15 is modification or correction; section 30 sets out the grounds for setting aside; and section 19 deals with supersession.
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Question 146 of 223
Section 42 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 deals with:
ExplanationSection 42 prescribes the mode of service for notices required by the Act to be served otherwise than through the Court.
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Question 147 of 223
How many matters are listed in the Second Schedule to the Arbitration Act, 1940?
ExplanationThe Second Schedule lists five matters, from preservation and interim custody or sale of goods to the appointment of a guardian for a minor or person of unsound mind.
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Question 148 of 223
Section 9 applies where an arbitration agreement provides that the reference shall be to:
ExplanationSection 9 is confined to the two-arbitrator, one-each model, and supplies remedies where one side's arbitrator fails or where a party does not appoint at all.
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Question 149 of 223
Under section 23(1), the Court's order of reference must specify:
ExplanationSection 23(1) requires the Court both to refer the matter in difference and to fix a reasonable time for making the award.
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Question 150 of 223
Which sections make up Chapter II of the Arbitration Act, 1940?
ExplanationChapter II runs from section 3 (provisions implied in arbitration agreement) to section 19 (power to supersede arbitration where award becomes void or is set aside).
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Question 151 of 223
The Second Schedule is expressed to be read with which section of the Act?
ExplanationThe Second Schedule bears the marginal reference '(See Section 41)'.
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Question 152 of 223
Under section 10(2), where three arbitrators are to be appointed otherwise than as described in sub-section (1), whose award prevails?
ExplanationSection 10(2) applies the majority rule, subject to contrary provision in the agreement.
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Question 153 of 223
Under section 29, where an award is for the payment of money, the Court may order interest in the decree:
ExplanationSection 29 confines the Court's power to interest running from the date of the decree, on the principal sum adjudged by the award and confirmed by the decree, at a rate the Court considers reasonable.
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Question 154 of 223
Under section 31(3), all applications regarding the conduct of arbitration proceedings must be made to:
ExplanationSection 31(3) channels all conduct-related applications to the same Court identified in section 31(1) and (2).
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Question 155 of 223
Chapter II of the Arbitration Act, 1940 deals with:
ExplanationChapter II (sections 3 to 19) governs arbitration without intervention of a Court. Chapter III covers court intervention where no suit is pending, and Chapter IV covers arbitration in suits.
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Question 156 of 223
Section 20(1) offers the parties an alternative to proceeding under which Chapter?
ExplanationSection 20(1) expressly says the parties may apply to Court 'instead of proceeding under Chapter II' - that is, instead of arbitrating without court intervention.
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Question 157 of 223
Under the proviso to section 25, instead of filling vacancies or making appointments, the Court may make an order superseding the arbitration and proceed with the suit in circumstances mentioned in which sections?
ExplanationThe proviso to section 25 names sections 8, 10, 11 and 12 - the provisions dealing with appointment, three or more arbitrators, removal, and the Court's powers where an arbitrator is removed.
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Question 158 of 223
Section 19 empowers the Court to supersede the reference where an award has become void under which provision, or has been set aside?
ExplanationSection 19 refers specifically to section 16(3) - failure of the arbitrator to reconsider and submit a remitted award within the time fixed - or to an award that has been set aside.
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Question 159 of 223
Under section 43(2), persons failing to attend in accordance with the Court's process, or guilty of contempt to the arbitrator during the investigation of the reference, are subject to:
ExplanationSection 43(2) routes the sanction through the Court, acting on the representation of the arbitrator or umpire.
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Question 160 of 223
On superseding the reference under section 19, the Court:
ExplanationSection 19 uses mandatory language: the Court 'shall thereupon order' that the agreement cease to have effect as regards that difference.
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Question 161 of 223
Under section 13(b), the arbitrator or umpire may state a special case for the opinion of the Court on:
ExplanationSection 13(b) is confined to questions of law; the arbitrator may state the question, or state the award wholly or in part in the form of a special case.
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Question 162 of 223
Under section 26, the provisions of Chapter V apply to:
ExplanationSection 26 gives Chapter V general application to all arbitrations, subject to contrary provision elsewhere in the Act.
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Question 163 of 223
Under section 17, the Court pronounces judgment according to the award after:
ExplanationSection 17 fixes two alternative points: expiry of the time for a setting-aside application, or refusal of such an application.
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Question 164 of 223
Section 26-A was inserted into the Arbitration Act, 1940 by which instrument?
ExplanationSection 26-A was inserted by section 2 of the Arbitration (Amendment) Ordinance, 1981 (15 of 1981). The 1977 Ordinance amended section 33.
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Question 165 of 223
Under section 42, in the absence of provision in the arbitration agreement, a notice may be served by delivering it to the person concerned or by:
ExplanationSection 42(b) requires a registered letter, sent under Chapter VI of the Post Office Act, 1898, to the usual or last known place of abode or business in Pakistan.
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Question 166 of 223
Under section 9(b), a party may appoint his own arbitrator as sole arbitrator if the other party fails to appoint for how long after service of a written notice?
ExplanationSection 9(b) uses the same fifteen clear days period as section 8(2), but the consequence is different - the non-defaulting party's own arbitrator becomes sole arbitrator.
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Question 167 of 223
Must an arbitration agreement under the Arbitration Act, 1940 name the arbitrator to be valid?
ExplanationThe closing words of section 2(a) - 'whether an arbitrator is named therein or not' - make naming optional. Where no arbitrator is named, the First Schedule and sections 8 to 10 supply the machinery.
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Question 168 of 223
Under section 23(2), where a matter is referred to arbitration in a suit, the Court:
ExplanationSection 23(2) ousts the Court's ordinary jurisdiction over the referred matter except as the Act itself provides.
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Question 169 of 223
Section 24 deals with the situation where:
ExplanationSection 24 permits a partial reference where the matters concerned can be separated from the rest of the subject-matter of the suit.
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Question 170 of 223
Section 16 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 confers on the Court the power to:
ExplanationSection 16 is the remission power. Enlargement of time is under section 28.
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Question 171 of 223
Section 47 provides that, subject to section 46, the Act applies to:
ExplanationSection 47 gives the Act general application, subject to section 46 and to any other law for the time being in force.
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Question 172 of 223
Section 30 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 sets out the grounds for:
ExplanationSection 30 is headed 'Grounds for setting aside award' and lists three grounds in clauses (a) to (c).
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Question 173 of 223
An arbitrator or umpire removed under section 11 is, under sub-section (3):
ExplanationSection 11(3) denies remuneration altogether to an arbitrator or umpire removed under that section.
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Question 174 of 223
A precondition to appointing one's own arbitrator as sole arbitrator under section 9(b) is that the appointing party:
ExplanationSection 9(b) requires the notice-giver to have already appointed his own arbitrator before serving the notice to appoint.
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Question 175 of 223
The opening words of section 30 provide that an award shall not be set aside:
ExplanationSection 30 is exhaustive and negatively framed - 'An award shall not be set aside except on one or more of the following grounds'. Some secondary reproductions of the Act drop the word 'except', which reverses the meaning.
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Question 176 of 223
Section 27 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 confers on the arbitrators or umpire the power to:
ExplanationSection 27(1) allows an interim award unless a different intention appears in the arbitration agreement. Interim orders of a protective kind are the Court's function under section 18 and the Second Schedule.
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Question 177 of 223
The Arbitration Act, 1940 applies the Limitation Act, 1908 to arbitrations, and the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 to proceedings before the Court. Which sections do this respectively?
ExplanationSection 37(1) applies the Limitation Act, 1908 to arbitrations, while section 41(a) applies the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 to proceedings and appeals before the Court.
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Question 178 of 223
Section 26-A of the Arbitration Act, 1940 requires the arbitrators or umpire to:
ExplanationSection 26-A(1) imposes a reasoned-award requirement, calibrated to the Court's ability to consider questions of law arising out of the award.
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Question 179 of 223
Under section 2(c), a Small Cause Court is excluded from the definition of 'Court' except for the purpose of arbitration proceedings under which section?
ExplanationThe exception in section 2(c) is confined to section 21 - that is, where the parties to a suit already pending before the Small Cause Court apply for an order of reference. Section 40 mirrors this exception.
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Question 180 of 223
Under section 35(1), the commencement of legal proceedings upon the subject-matter of a reference:
ExplanationSection 35(1) opens by preserving the reference and award, and only makes further proceedings invalid where legal proceedings on the whole subject-matter have been commenced between all the parties and notice has been given to the arbitrators or umpire.
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Question 181 of 223
Under section 2(e), 'reference' means:
ExplanationSection 2(e) simply defines 'reference' as a reference to arbitration.
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Question 182 of 223
Registration of a notice under section 42(b) is effected under which Chapter of the Post Office Act, 1898?
ExplanationSection 42(b) refers specifically to Chapter VI of the Post Office Act, 1898 (VI of 1898).
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Question 183 of 223
Which section empowers the Court to MODIFY or CORRECT an award, as distinct from remitting it?
ExplanationSection 15 is the modify-or-correct power. Section 13(d) gives the arbitrator himself a narrower slip-rule power.
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Question 184 of 223
Which of the following statements about appeals under the Arbitration Act, 1940 is correct?
ExplanationSection 39(1) uses the words 'and from no others', making the list exhaustive, and section 39(2) bars second appeals while preserving the right of appeal to the Supreme Court.
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Question 185 of 223
Under section 43(1), the Court shall issue the same processes to the parties and witnesses whom the arbitrator or umpire desires to examine as:
ExplanationSection 43(1) equates the arbitrator's process needs with those of a suit tried by the Court itself.
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Question 186 of 223
An application under section 20(1) may be made where the parties entered into an arbitration agreement:
ExplanationSection 20(1) requires both that the agreement pre-date any suit on the subject-matter and that a difference to which it applies has actually arisen.
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Question 187 of 223
The proviso to section 41 makes clear that clause (b) does not prejudice:
ExplanationThe proviso preserves concurrent power in the arbitrator or umpire over the Second Schedule matters.
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Question 188 of 223
Where an award is filed under section 14 and the Court sees no cause to remit or set it aside, the sequence prescribed by section 17 is:
ExplanationSection 17 makes the decree follow the judgment, and confines any appeal from that decree to the ground that it is in excess of, or not otherwise in accordance with, the award.
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Question 189 of 223
Under section 13(e), the arbitrator or umpire may administer to any party such what, as may in his opinion be necessary?
ExplanationSection 13(e) confers the power to administer interrogatories. Processes such as summonses and commissions are issued by the Court under section 43.
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Question 190 of 223
Under section 37(4), where an agreement bars claims unless steps to commence arbitration are taken within a fixed time, the Court may extend that time if it is of opinion that:
ExplanationUndue hardship is the statutory test under section 37(4), and the power is exercisable notwithstanding that the fixed time has already expired.
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Question 191 of 223
Under section 16(3), an award remitted under section 16(1) becomes void if:
ExplanationSection 16(3) attaches voidness to the failure to reconsider and submit within the fixed time. That voidness is the trigger for supersession under section 19.
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Question 192 of 223
Under section 34, an application to stay legal proceedings must be made:
ExplanationSection 34 fixes the cut-off at the filing of a written statement or the taking of any other step in the proceedings - a step in the proceedings amounts to submission to the Court's jurisdiction.
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Question 193 of 223
Section 4 permits the parties to agree that the reference shall be to an arbitrator appointed by:
ExplanationSection 4 validates appointment by a designated third party, identified either personally or by reference to an office.
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Question 194 of 223
Section 49 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 (Repeals and amendments) was repealed by which enactment?
ExplanationSection 49 was repealed by section 2 and the First Schedule of the Repealing and Amending Act, 1945 (VI of 1945). The 1942 Act made a different change - it inserted the reference to section 36 in section 46.
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Question 195 of 223
Before the Court appoints an arbitrator under section 8(2), it must:
ExplanationSection 8(2) requires the Court to hear the other parties before making the appointment.
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Question 196 of 223
Which of the following is one of the three cases listed in section 8(1) in which the notice-to-concur machinery applies?
ExplanationSection 8(1)(b) covers neglect, refusal, incapacity or death of an appointed arbitrator or umpire where the agreement does not show that the vacancy was not to be supplied. Clauses (a) and (c) cover failure to concur in appointment and failure to appoint an umpire.
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Question 197 of 223
Under section 10(3), where more than three arbitrators are appointed and they are equally divided in opinion, whose award prevails?
ExplanationSection 10(3) gives the majority award primacy, and where opinions are equally divided the umpire's award prevails - in both cases subject to contrary agreement.
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Question 198 of 223
Under section 22, how is the arbitrator appointed in an arbitration in a suit?
ExplanationSection 22 leaves the mode of appointment entirely to the agreement of the parties.
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Question 199 of 223
Under section 28(2), the arbitrators or umpire may enlarge the time for making the award only:
ExplanationThe exception carved out by section 28(2) is consent of all the parties; absent that, any such provision in the agreement is void.
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Question 200 of 223
The Arbitration Act, 1940 is which Act of the year 1940?
ExplanationThe short citation of the Arbitration Act, 1940 is Act No. X of 1940. Act V of 1908 is the Code of Civil Procedure and Act IX of 1908 is the Limitation Act.
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Question 201 of 223
Under clause 8 of the First Schedule, the arbitrators or umpire may award costs to be paid as between:
ExplanationClause 8 expressly extends to costs as between legal practitioner and client - the more generous basis of taxation.
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Question 202 of 223
The Arbitration Act, 1940 provides for how many broad classes of arbitration?
ExplanationThe three classes correspond to Chapters II, III and IV: arbitration without court intervention; arbitration with court intervention where no suit is pending; and arbitration in suits.
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Question 203 of 223
An arbitrator appointed by the Court under section 8(2) has:
ExplanationSection 8(2) equates a Court appointee with a consensual appointee for all purposes of the reference and the award.
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Question 204 of 223
Sections 32 and 33 of the Act operate together in what way?
ExplanationThe pairing is deliberate: section 32 closes the door on suits, and section 33 opens the alternative door of an application.
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Question 205 of 223
Under section 6(2), the authority of an arbitrator is:
ExplanationSection 6(2) provides that death of the appointing party does not revoke the arbitrator's authority.
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Question 206 of 223
Under section 28(2), a provision in an arbitration agreement allowing the arbitrators or umpire to enlarge the time for making the award without the consent of all the parties is:
ExplanationSection 28(2) strikes down such a provision entirely - hence the section's heading, which stresses that the power to enlarge time is the Court's 'only'.
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Question 207 of 223
Under section 41(a), the provisions of which enactment apply to all proceedings before the Court, and to all appeals, under the Arbitration Act, 1940?
ExplanationSection 41(a) applies the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 to proceedings and appeals under the Act. The Limitation Act, 1908 is applied to arbitrations themselves by section 37(1).
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Question 208 of 223
Under section 18(1), one of the situations justifying an interim order is that a party has taken or is about to take steps to:
ExplanationSection 18(1) covers both this situation and the case where speedy execution of the award is just and necessary. The Court must be satisfied by affidavit or otherwise.
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Question 209 of 223
Under section 20(3), on such an application being made, the Court shall direct notice to be given to:
ExplanationSection 20(3) requires a show-cause notice to the non-applicant parties within the time specified in the notice.
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Question 210 of 223
Under section 46, the Act does not apply to a statutory arbitration in so far as the Act is:
ExplanationSection 46 gives way to the special enactment and its rules where there is inconsistency.
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Question 211 of 223
Under the proviso to section 47, an arbitration award otherwise obtained may be taken into consideration as a compromise or adjustment of a suit:
ExplanationThe proviso to section 47 permits an out-of-Act award to operate as a compromise or adjustment of a pending suit, but only with the consent of all interested parties.
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Question 212 of 223
Chapter I of the Arbitration Act, 1940 is headed:
ExplanationChapter I (sections 1-2) is headed 'Introductory'. 'General' is the heading of Chapter V.
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Question 213 of 223
Under section 38(2), an application under section 38(1) may NOT be made by a party where:
ExplanationSection 38(2) excludes the remedy where the party has himself contracted in writing for the fee. The arbitrator or umpire is entitled to appear and be heard on such an application.
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Question 214 of 223
Under section 6(1), an arbitration agreement is:
ExplanationSection 6(1) preserves the agreement notwithstanding death, either as respects the deceased or any other party, and makes it enforceable by or against the legal representative.
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Question 215 of 223
Under section 20, the application to file the arbitration agreement is made to:
ExplanationSection 20(1) fixes jurisdiction by reference to the matter to which the agreement relates.
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Question 216 of 223
Section 36 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 deals with a provision making an award:
ExplanationSection 36 allows the Court, where it orders that an arbitration agreement shall cease to have effect as regards a particular difference, further to order that any 'award first' clause shall also cease to have effect as regards that difference.
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Question 217 of 223
Under item 3 of the Second Schedule, the Court may authorise a person to enter upon land or a building in the possession of a party to the reference for the purpose of:
ExplanationItem 3 is the widest of the five, covering detention, preservation and inspection, entry on land or buildings, and the taking of samples, observations and experiments.
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Question 218 of 223
Under the Explanation to section 9, failure of an arbitrator or umpire to comply with a request to enter on and proceed with the reference within what period may constitute neglect or refusal to act?
ExplanationThe Explanation to section 9 fixes one month, and applies both for the purposes of section 9 and for section 8.
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Question 219 of 223
Section 38 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 deals with disputes as to:
ExplanationSection 38 provides machinery where an arbitrator or umpire withholds the award pending payment of his fees, and also empowers the Court to deal with the costs of an arbitration.
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Question 220 of 223
Which of the following orders is appealable under section 39(1)?
ExplanationFiling or refusing to file an arbitration agreement is expressly listed in section 39(1)(iv). Remission, enlargement of time and appointment of an arbitrator are not in the list, and section 39(1) is exhaustive.
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Question 221 of 223
Under section 30(b), an award may be set aside where it has been made after the issue of an order by the Court superseding the arbitration, or after the arbitration proceedings have become invalid under which section?
ExplanationSection 30(b) refers to section 35 - the provision under which further proceedings in a pending reference become invalid once legal proceedings on the whole subject-matter have been commenced and notice given.
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Question 222 of 223
How many matters are listed in section 44 as subjects on which the High Court may make rules?
ExplanationSection 44 lists filing of awards; filing and hearing of special cases; staying of suits in contravention of an arbitration agreement; forms; and, generally, all proceedings in Court under the Act.
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Question 223 of 223
Section 13 of the Act sets out the powers of:
ExplanationSection 13 is headed 'Powers of arbitrator' and lists five powers exercisable unless a different intention is expressed in the agreement.
0 / 223 answered
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