Arbitration-Act-Part2-Ch3-Ch5 Judiciary
74 questions · Judiciary
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Question 1 of 74
Under section 22, how is the arbitrator appointed in an arbitration in a suit?
ExplanationSection 22 leaves the mode of appointment entirely to the agreement of the parties.
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Question 2 of 74
Under section 21, an application for an order of reference in a pending suit may be made:
ExplanationSection 21 permits the application at any time before judgment is pronounced, and requires it to be in writing.
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Question 3 of 74
Under section 20(5), after an order of reference is made, the arbitration proceeds:
ExplanationSection 20(5) plugs the section-20 reference back into the general scheme of the Act.
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Question 4 of 74
Under section 20(2), an application to file an arbitration agreement in Court must be:
ExplanationSection 20(2) requires the application to be in writing and to be numbered and registered as a suit between the interested parties.
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Question 5 of 74
Section 28 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 deals with the power to:
ExplanationSection 28 is headed 'Power to Court only to enlarge time for making award'.
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Question 6 of 74
Section 17 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 deals with:
ExplanationSection 17 requires the Court, where it sees no cause to remit or set aside, to pronounce judgment according to the award, upon which a decree follows.
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Question 7 of 74
Under section 34, the Court must be satisfied of two matters before staying proceedings: that there is no sufficient reason why the matter should not be referred, and that the applicant:
ExplanationThe continuing readiness and willingness of the applicant, both at commencement and at the date of the application, is an express requirement of section 34.
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Question 8 of 74
Section 20(1) offers the parties an alternative to proceeding under which Chapter?
ExplanationSection 20(1) expressly says the parties may apply to Court 'instead of proceeding under Chapter II' - that is, instead of arbitrating without court intervention.
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Question 9 of 74
Which of the following is ground (a) for setting aside an award under section 30?
ExplanationMisconduct of himself or of the proceedings is section 30(a). Indefiniteness is a ground for remission under section 16(1)(b), and want of reasons is dealt with under section 26-A(2).
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Question 10 of 74
Chapter IV of the Arbitration Act, 1940 is headed:
ExplanationChapter IV (sections 21 to 25) governs references to arbitration made in a suit already pending.
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Question 11 of 74
Section 26-A was inserted into the Arbitration Act, 1940 by which instrument?
ExplanationSection 26-A was inserted by section 2 of the Arbitration (Amendment) Ordinance, 1981 (15 of 1981). The 1977 Ordinance amended section 33.
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Question 12 of 74
Under section 35(2), the expression 'parties to the reference' includes:
ExplanationSection 35(2) contains an inclusive definition based on the familiar 'same title' test.
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Question 13 of 74
Under section 17, an appeal from a decree passed in terms of an award lies only on the ground that:
ExplanationSection 17 bars appeals from such a decree save on the narrow ground that the decree does not conform to the award.
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Question 14 of 74
Under section 35(1), the commencement of legal proceedings upon the subject-matter of a reference:
ExplanationSection 35(1) opens by preserving the reference and award, and only makes further proceedings invalid where legal proceedings on the whole subject-matter have been commenced between all the parties and notice has been given to the arbitrators or umpire.
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Question 15 of 74
Under section 31(3), all applications regarding the conduct of arbitration proceedings must be made to:
ExplanationSection 31(3) channels all conduct-related applications to the same Court identified in section 31(1) and (2).
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Question 16 of 74
Section 18(1) operates notwithstanding anything contained in which section?
ExplanationSection 18(1) opens with a non obstante clause referring to section 17, so interim orders may be made even before judgment in terms of the award.
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Question 17 of 74
Under section 26-A(3), an award remitted under section 26-A(2) becomes void if:
ExplanationSection 26-A(3) mirrors section 16(3): failure to comply with the Court's direction renders the remitted award void.
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Question 18 of 74
Under section 21, who must agree before an order of reference can be applied for?
ExplanationSection 21 requires that all the parties interested agree that the matter in difference be referred. Where only some of them agree, section 24 applies.
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Question 19 of 74
Under section 24, where a partial reference is made, an award made in pursuance of it is binding:
ExplanationSection 24 confines the binding effect of the award to those who joined in the application; the suit continues as regards the others and as regards matters not referred.
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Question 20 of 74
Under section 18(1), the Court may pass interim orders at any time after the filing of the award:
ExplanationSection 18(1) expressly dispenses with prior service of notice of filing.
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Question 21 of 74
Under section 16(3), an award remitted under section 16(1) becomes void if:
ExplanationSection 16(3) attaches voidness to the failure to reconsider and submit within the fixed time. That voidness is the trigger for supersession under section 19.
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Question 22 of 74
Under section 34, an application to stay legal proceedings must be made:
ExplanationSection 34 fixes the cut-off at the filing of a written statement or the taking of any other step in the proceedings - a step in the proceedings amounts to submission to the Court's jurisdiction.
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Question 23 of 74
Under section 20, the application to file the arbitration agreement is made to:
ExplanationSection 20(1) fixes jurisdiction by reference to the matter to which the agreement relates.
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Question 24 of 74
Under section 26, the provisions of Chapter V apply to:
ExplanationSection 26 gives Chapter V general application to all arbitrations, subject to contrary provision elsewhere in the Act.
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Question 25 of 74
Section 30 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 sets out the grounds for:
ExplanationSection 30 is headed 'Grounds for setting aside award' and lists three grounds in clauses (a) to (c).
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Question 26 of 74
Under section 28(2), a provision in an arbitration agreement allowing the arbitrators or umpire to enlarge the time for making the award without the consent of all the parties is:
ExplanationSection 28(2) strikes down such a provision entirely - hence the section's heading, which stresses that the power to enlarge time is the Court's 'only'.
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Question 27 of 74
Under section 30(c), an award may be set aside where it has been:
ExplanationSection 30(c) is the residual ground, covering improper procurement and any other invalidity.
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Question 28 of 74
Under section 31(1), an award may be filed in:
ExplanationSection 31(1) fixes the forum for filing by reference to the subject-matter of the reference, subject to the other provisions of the Act.
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Question 29 of 74
Which single section makes up Chapter III of the Arbitration Act, 1940?
ExplanationChapter III contains only section 20 - Application to file in Court arbitration agreement.
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Question 30 of 74
Section 19 empowers the Court to supersede the reference where an award has become void under which provision, or has been set aside?
ExplanationSection 19 refers specifically to section 16(3) - failure of the arbitrator to reconsider and submit a remitted award within the time fixed - or to an award that has been set aside.
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Question 31 of 74
An application under section 20(1) may be made where the parties entered into an arbitration agreement:
ExplanationSection 20(1) requires both that the agreement pre-date any suit on the subject-matter and that a difference to which it applies has actually arisen.
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Question 32 of 74
Chapter III of the Arbitration Act, 1940 is headed:
ExplanationChapter III consists of section 20 alone and covers the case where parties invoke the Court before any suit has been instituted.
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Question 33 of 74
Under section 32, an arbitration agreement or award may be set aside, amended, modified or in any way affected:
ExplanationSection 32 confines every route of challenge to the mechanisms provided by the Act itself.
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Question 34 of 74
Under section 33, a party desiring to challenge the existence or validity of an arbitration agreement or an award must:
ExplanationSection 33 prescribes an application, decided on affidavits, as the mode of challenge - the procedural counterpart of the bar in section 32.
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Question 35 of 74
Under section 35(1), further proceedings in a pending reference become invalid unless a stay of proceedings is granted under which section?
ExplanationSection 35(1) expressly saves the case where a stay has been granted under section 34.
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Question 36 of 74
Section 18 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 empowers the Court to:
ExplanationSection 18 is the Court's interim-orders power after the filing of an award. The power to make an interim award belongs to the arbitrator under section 27.
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Question 37 of 74
Under section 28(1), the Court may enlarge the time for making the award:
ExplanationSection 28(1) is deliberately wide on both counts, and the power may be exercised from time to time.
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Question 38 of 74
Section 24 deals with the situation where:
ExplanationSection 24 permits a partial reference where the matters concerned can be separated from the rest of the subject-matter of the suit.
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Question 39 of 74
Under section 18(1), one of the situations justifying an interim order is that a party has taken or is about to take steps to:
ExplanationSection 18(1) covers both this situation and the case where speedy execution of the award is just and necessary. The Court must be satisfied by affidavit or otherwise.
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Question 40 of 74
Under the proviso to section 25, where the Court makes an order superseding the arbitration under section 19, it:
ExplanationThe closing words of the proviso to section 25 are mandatory: on supersession under section 19 the Court shall proceed with the suit.
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Question 41 of 74
How many grounds for setting aside an award are listed in section 30?
ExplanationSection 30 lists three grounds: misconduct of the arbitrator or umpire or the proceedings; award made after supersession or after proceedings became invalid under section 35; and award improperly procured or otherwise invalid.
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Question 42 of 74
Section 32 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 bars:
ExplanationSection 32 excludes the suit as a vehicle for challenging an arbitration agreement or award; the challenge must be by application under section 33.
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Question 43 of 74
Under section 37(1), the provisions of which Act apply to arbitrations as they apply to proceedings in Court?
ExplanationSection 37(1) applies the Limitation Act, 1908 to arbitrations. The Code of Civil Procedure is applied separately, to proceedings before the Court, by section 41(a).
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Question 44 of 74
Under section 27(2), references in the Act to an 'award':
ExplanationSection 27(2) extends the whole statutory apparatus - filing, remission, setting aside, judgment - to interim awards.
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Question 45 of 74
Chapter V of the Arbitration Act, 1940 is headed:
ExplanationChapter V (sections 26 to 38, including section 26-A) is headed 'General'. 'Miscellaneous' is Chapter VII.
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Question 46 of 74
Section 26-A of the Arbitration Act, 1940 requires the arbitrators or umpire to:
ExplanationSection 26-A(1) imposes a reasoned-award requirement, calibrated to the Court's ability to consider questions of law arising out of the award.
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Question 47 of 74
Section 27 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 confers on the arbitrators or umpire the power to:
ExplanationSection 27(1) allows an interim award unless a different intention appears in the arbitration agreement. Interim orders of a protective kind are the Court's function under section 18 and the Second Schedule.
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Question 48 of 74
Under section 31(2), all questions regarding the validity, effect or existence of an award or an arbitration agreement shall be decided by:
ExplanationSection 31(2) is an exclusive-jurisdiction provision and operates notwithstanding anything in any other law for the time being in force.
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Question 49 of 74
Under section 37(2), a term in an arbitration agreement postponing the accrual of a cause of action until an award is made:
ExplanationSection 37(2) neutralises so-called Scott v Avery clauses for limitation purposes without striking them down generally.
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Question 50 of 74
Under section 20(4), where no sufficient cause is shown, the Court shall order the agreement to be filed and:
ExplanationSection 20(4) makes the order of reference follow automatically, and empowers the Court to appoint an arbitrator where the parties cannot agree on one.
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Question 51 of 74
Under section 25, the provisions of the other Chapters apply to arbitrations under Chapter IV:
ExplanationSection 25 makes the other Chapters applicable subject to the qualification 'so far as they can be made applicable', and adds a proviso preserving the Court's power to supersede.
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Question 52 of 74
Under section 17, the Court pronounces judgment according to the award after:
ExplanationSection 17 fixes two alternative points: expiry of the time for a setting-aside application, or refusal of such an application.
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Question 53 of 74
Section 34 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 empowers a judicial authority to:
ExplanationSection 34 is the stay provision, invoked by a party to legal proceedings brought in breach of an arbitration agreement.
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Question 54 of 74
Which sections make up Chapter IV of the Arbitration Act, 1940?
ExplanationChapter IV runs from section 21 (parties to suit may apply for order of reference) to section 25 (provisions applicable to arbitrations under this Chapter).
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Question 55 of 74
Under section 34, the power to stay the proceedings is expressed in which terms?
ExplanationSection 34 uses 'may', leaving the stay to the discretion of the judicial authority even where the statutory conditions are satisfied.
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Question 56 of 74
Under section 37(3), an arbitration is deemed to be commenced when one party serves on the other parties:
ExplanationSection 37(3) fixes the commencement date for the purposes of section 37 and of the Limitation Act, 1908.
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Question 57 of 74
Under section 26-A(2), where an award does not state the reasons in sufficient detail, the Court:
ExplanationSection 26-A(2) uses mandatory language - the Court 'shall remit' - and requires it to fix a time, which the proviso allows to be extended.
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Question 58 of 74
Under the proviso to section 25, instead of filling vacancies or making appointments, the Court may make an order superseding the arbitration and proceed with the suit in circumstances mentioned in which sections?
ExplanationThe proviso to section 25 names sections 8, 10, 11 and 12 - the provisions dealing with appointment, three or more arbitrators, removal, and the Court's powers where an arbitrator is removed.
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Question 59 of 74
Under section 30(b), an award may be set aside where it has been made after the issue of an order by the Court superseding the arbitration, or after the arbitration proceedings have become invalid under which section?
ExplanationSection 30(b) refers to section 35 - the provision under which further proceedings in a pending reference become invalid once legal proceedings on the whole subject-matter have been commenced and notice given.
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Question 60 of 74
An application under section 21 for an order of reference must be:
ExplanationSection 21 requires the parties to 'apply in writing to the Court for an order of reference'.
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Question 61 of 74
Under section 20(3), on such an application being made, the Court shall direct notice to be given to:
ExplanationSection 20(3) requires a show-cause notice to the non-applicant parties within the time specified in the notice.
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Question 62 of 74
An order under section 36 may be made where the Court orders that the arbitration agreement shall cease to have effect:
ExplanationSection 36 is tied to a Court order confined to a particular difference, whether made under the Arbitration Act or any other law.
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Question 63 of 74
Under section 24, a partial reference may be ordered provided that the matters referred:
ExplanationSeparability is the express condition in section 24; the Court also retains a discretion ('if it thinks fit').
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Question 64 of 74
Section 31(4) provides that where an application under the Act has been made in a competent Court, that Court alone shall have jurisdiction over:
ExplanationSection 31(4) is the seize-and-hold rule: the Court first properly seized of an application under the Act keeps exclusive jurisdiction over that reference thereafter.
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Question 65 of 74
Under section 29, where an award is for the payment of money, the Court may order interest in the decree:
ExplanationSection 29 confines the Court's power to interest running from the date of the decree, on the principal sum adjudged by the award and confirmed by the decree, at a rate the Court considers reasonable.
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Question 66 of 74
The opening words of section 30 provide that an award shall not be set aside:
ExplanationSection 30 is exhaustive and negatively framed - 'An award shall not be set aside except on one or more of the following grounds'. Some secondary reproductions of the Act drop the word 'except', which reverses the meaning.
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Question 67 of 74
Under section 23(2), where a matter is referred to arbitration in a suit, the Court:
ExplanationSection 23(2) ousts the Court's ordinary jurisdiction over the referred matter except as the Act itself provides.
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Question 68 of 74
On superseding the reference under section 19, the Court:
ExplanationSection 19 uses mandatory language: the Court 'shall thereupon order' that the agreement cease to have effect as regards that difference.
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Question 69 of 74
Under section 28(2), the arbitrators or umpire may enlarge the time for making the award only:
ExplanationThe exception carved out by section 28(2) is consent of all the parties; absent that, any such provision in the agreement is void.
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Question 70 of 74
Under section 20(2), where the application is presented by all the parties, they are arrayed as:
ExplanationSection 20(2) provides for this arraying where all parties present the application; where it is presented otherwise, the applicant is plaintiff and the other parties are defendants.
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Question 71 of 74
Under section 18(2), a person against whom an interim order has been passed may:
ExplanationSection 18(2) gives a show-cause remedy before the same Court, which may then pass such further orders as it deems necessary and just after hearing the parties.
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Question 72 of 74
Under section 23(1), the Court's order of reference must specify:
ExplanationSection 23(1) requires the Court both to refer the matter in difference and to fix a reasonable time for making the award.
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Question 73 of 74
Section 36 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 deals with a provision making an award:
ExplanationSection 36 allows the Court, where it orders that an arbitration agreement shall cease to have effect as regards a particular difference, further to order that any 'award first' clause shall also cease to have effect as regards that difference.
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Question 74 of 74
Under the proviso to section 33, where the Court deems it just and expedient, it may:
ExplanationThe proviso to section 33 relieves against the affidavit-only rule where justice requires oral or other evidence, and imports the Court's ordinary powers of discovery and particulars.
0 / 74 answered
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